Derleme
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Yeterince kaslı değilim, kaslarımı daha fazla geliştirmeliyim: Kas dismorfisine detaylı bir bakış

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 271 - 290, 14.09.2023

Kerim Selvi

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438m0000116

Öz

Bu derleme makalesinin amacı, kendi bedenini gerçekte olduğundan daha az kaslı algılamayla ve kaslılığa yönelik yoğun zihinsel ve eylemsel meşguliyetle karakterize bir psikolojik bozukluk olan kas dismorfisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle kas dismorfisinin tarihçesi, belirtileri, yaygınlığı ve etiyolojik etmenleri hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur. Ardından, kas dismorfisi ile ilişkili olumsuz sonuçlara, kas dismorfisine eşlik eden psikolojik bozukluklara ve kas dismorfisine yönelik tedavi yöntemlerine değinilmiştir. Ayrıca, kas dismorfisinin tanısal sınıflandırılmasına dair süregelen tartışmalar, ilgili diğer psikolojik bozukluklar (örn., obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk, yeme bozuklukları) ile benzerliklerine değinilerek ele alınmıştır. Son olarak Türkiye alanyazınında, kas dismorfisi konusunda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar özetlenmiş ve ardından vücut geliştirme ile kas dismorfisi arasındaki ilişki irdelenmiştir. Kas dismorfisi konusunda güncel bilgileri içeren bu derleme makalesinin, bu yeni olgu hakkında Türkiye'de hem bilimsel çalışmaların hem de toplumsal farkındalığın artmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kas dismorfisi kaslılık vücut geliştirme

Etik Beyan

Etik Kurul onayı gerektiren bir çalışma değildir.

Kaynakça

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I am not muscular enough, I need to build my muscles more: A detailed look at muscle dysmorphia

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 271 - 290, 14.09.2023

Kerim Selvi

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438m0000116

Öz

The purpose of this review was to examine muscle dysmorphia, a psychological disorder characterized by the perception of own body as less muscular than it is, preoccupation with muscularity, and intense engagement in muscle-building actions. For this purpose, first, information about the history, symptoms, prevalence, and etiological factors of muscle dysmorphia was presented. Then, negative consequences of muscle dysmorphia, the comorbid psychological disorders with muscle dysmorphia, and the treatment methods for muscle dysmorphia were addressed. In addition, the ongoing debates about the diagnostic classification of muscle dysmorphia were discussed by referring to its similarities with the related psychological disorders (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders). Finally, the studies on muscle dysmorphia in the Turkish literature were summarized, and then the relationship between bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia was examined. This review article, which contains up-to-date information on muscle dysmorphia, was expected to increase scientific studies and social awareness about this new phenomenon in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

muscle dysmorphia muscularity bodybuilding

Etik Beyan

It is not a study that requires Ethics Committee approval.

Kaynakça

  • Agliata, D. ve Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2004). The impact of media exposure on males’ body image. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 7–22.
  • Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. ve Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217–237.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5. baskı). Author.
  • Badenes-Ribera, L., Rubio-Aparicio, M., Sanchez-Meca, J., Fabris, M. A. ve Longobardi, C. (2019). The association between muscle dysmorphia and eating disorder symptomatology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(3), 351–371.
  • Baghurst, T., Hollander, D. B., Nardella, B. ve Haff, G. G. (2006). Change in sociocultural ideal male pyhsique: An examination of past and present action figures. Body Image, 3, 87–91.
  • Berman, M. I., Boutelle, K. N. ve Crow, S. J. (2009). A case series investigating acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for previously treated, unremitted patients with anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review, 17, 426–434.
  • Blashill, A. J., Grunewald, W., Fang, A., Davidson, E. ve Wilhelm, S. (2020). Conformity to masculine norms and symptom severity among men diagnosed with muscle dysmorphia vs. body dysmorphic disorder. Plos One, 15(8), e0237651
  • Boulter, M. W. ve Sandgren, S. S. (2022). Me, myself, and my muscles: Associations between narcissism and muscle dysmorphia. Eating Disorders, 30(1), 110–116.
  • Boyda, D. ve Shevlin, M. (2011). Childhood victimisation as a predictor of muscle dysmorphia in adult male bodybuilders. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 32, 105–115.
  • Bulik, C. M. ve Baker, J. H. (2012). Genetic and human appearance. T. F. Cash (Ed.), Encyclopedia of body image and human appearance içinde (s. 453–459). Elsevier Inc.
  • Cafri, G., Olivardia, R. ve Thompson, J. K. (2008). Symptom characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity among males with muscle dysmorphia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 374–379.
  • Cerea, S., Bottesi, G., Pacelli, Q. F., Paoli, A. ve Ghisi, M. (2018). Muscle dysmorphia and its associated psychological features in three of recreational athletes. Scientific Reports, 8, 8877.
  • Chandler, C. G., Grieve, F. G., Derryberry, W. P. ve Pegg, P. O. (2009). Are anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to muscle dysmorphia. International Journal of Men’s Health, 8(2), 143–154.
  • Chaney, M. (2008). Muscle dysmorphia, self-esteem, and loneliness among gay and bisexual men. International Journal of Men’s Health, 7(2), 157–170.
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  • Cohane, G. ve Pope, H. G. (2001). Body image in boys: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(4), 373–379.
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  • Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G., Borowiecki, J. J. ve Cohane, G. H. (2004). Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptoms. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 5, 112–120.
  • Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G. ve Hudson, J. I. (2000). Muscle dysmorphia in male weightlifters: A case-control study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(8), 1291–1296.
  • Onnink, C. M., Konstantininidou, Y., Moskovich, A. A., Karekla, M. K. ve Merwin, R. M. (2022). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for eating disorders: A systematic review of intervention studies and call to action. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 11-28.
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  • Sokolova, M. V., Gonzalez-Marti, I., Jordan, O. R. C. ve Bustos, J. G. F. (2013). A case study of muscle dysmorphia disorder diagnostics. Expert Systems with Applications, 40, 4226–4231.
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  • Tod, D., Edwards, C. ve Cranswick, I. (2016). Muscle dysmorphia: current insight. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 9, 179–188.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı (2017). Yıllara göre federasyonlara bağlı lisanslı sporcu sayısı, 2007-2014. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/DownloadIst atistikselTablo?p=CaZIxqN3Qsvjll2rvn0ZLQ3EemVX bI8t2H1L091AF6DdTahdJ52MCs0wcdCkdZ14
  • Tylka, T. L. (2011). Refinement of the tripartite influence model for men: Dual body image pathways to body change behaviors. Body Image, 8, 199–207.
  • Verstuyf, J., Patric, H., Vansteenkiste, M. ve Teixeria, P. J. (2012). Motivational dynamics of eating regulation: A self-determination theory perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(21).
  • Waldorf, M., Vocks, S., Düsing, R., Bauer, A. ve Cordes, M. (2019). Body-oriented gaze behaviors in men with muscle dysmorphia diagnoses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(2), 140–150.
  • Wolke, D. ve Sapouna, M. (2008). Big men feeling small: Childhood bullying experience, muscle dysmorphia and other mental health problems in bodybuilders. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 595–604.
Toplam 100 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Kerim Selvi 0000-0002-4308-4449

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Selvi, K. (2023). Yeterince kaslı değilim, kaslarımı daha fazla geliştirmeliyim: Kas dismorfisine detaylı bir bakış. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 271-290. https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438m0000116