Biochemical analysis of aqueous humor in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataracts
Abstract
Background: Although there are many factors stated in the etiology of cataract, the mechanisms which are formed during the formation of cataract are still not illuminated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biochemical analysis of aqueous humor in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract in terms of the existence of pseudoexfoliation (PSX). Material and methods: Seventy-six patients who presented to our ophthalmology clinic with the complaint of cataract and who were planned to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implementation were included in the study. The patients were classified into 4 groups as Group I: Cataracts with diabetes and without PSX, Group II: Cataracts without diabetes and PSX, Group III: Cataracts with diabetes and PSX, Group IV: Cataracts without diabetes and with PSX. The groups were compared statistically in terms of biochemical analysis of aqueous humor. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.0 ± 8.5, and 51.3% of the patients were male. In Group II, Na value was significantly higher than in Group I and Group III. In Group IV, Na value was significantly higher than in Group I and Group III. Cl value in Group IV was significantly higher than in Group I-III-III. In Group IV, Ca value was significantly higher than in Group I-III-III. In Group I, P value was significantly higher than in Group II and Group III. Glucose levels in Group I were significantly higher than in Group II-III-IV. Glucose levels in Group III were significantly higher than in Group II-IV. Na value in the PSX (+) group was significantly lower than in the PSX (–) group. In the PSX (+) group, glucose value was significantly higher than in the PSX (–) group. Conclusion: High glucose and low Na levels in the anterior chamber may play a role in the development of PSX and PSCC. High P level in the anterior chamber may be contributed to the development of cataract in diabetic non-PSX eyes. In non-diabetic PSX (+) group, high Ca and Cl levels may be contributed to developing cataracts.
Keywords: cataractbiochemical analysisaqueous humordiabetes
References
- Beebe DC, Holekamp NM, Shui YB. Oxidative damage and the prevention of age-related cataracts. Ophthalmic Res. 2010; 44(3): 155–165.
- Shinohara T, Singh DP, Chylack LT. Review: Age-related cataract: immunity and lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 16(2): 181–191.
- Andjelić S, Hawlina M. Cataractogenesis. Pregledni ćlanek 2012: 1–122.
- Shields B. Aqueous humor dynamics I. Anatomy and physiology. Textbook of Glaucoma. Third edition. Williams Wilkins, Baltimore 1992: 5–36.
- Krupin T. Aqueous Dynamics. Manual of Glaucoma. Churchill Livingstone, New York 1988: 1–5.
- Krupin T, Civan M. Physiologic basis of aqueous humor formation. In: Ritch R R, Shields MB, Krupin T. ed. The Glaucomas. Volume I. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis 1996: 251–280.
- Weingeist TA, Liesegang TJ, Grand MG. Lens and cataract biochemistry. American Academy of Ophthalmology, Basic and Clinical Science Course 2000: 10–17.
- Matsumoto T, Ono Y, Kuromiya A, et al. Long-Term Treatment With Ranirestat (AS-3201), a Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathy and Cataract Formation in Rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008; 107(3): 340–348.
- Zhao W, Devamanoharan PS, Henein M, et al. Diabetes-induced biochemical changes in rat lens: attenuation of cataractogenesis by pyruvate. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2000; 2(3): 165–174.
- Özçetin H. Lens. Katarakt ve Tedavisi. Scala, Istanbul 2005: 8–15.
- Stitt AW. The maillard reaction in eye diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005; 1043: 582–597.
- Klein BE, Klein R, Lee KE. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, selected cardiovascular disease risk factors, and the 5-year incidence of age-related cataract and progression of lens opacities: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998; 126(6): 782–790.
- Rowe NG, Mitchell PG, Cumming RG. Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and age-related cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2000; 7(2): 103–114.