Öz
Kentleşme sonucu artan nüfus yoğunluğu ve kentin dinamiklerindeki değişimler sebebiyle artık günlük hayatta daha kompleks ve kentsel alanların önemli bir kısmını oluşturan işitsel çevre ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kentsel tasarımda rekreasyon alanlarının tasarım ve planlamasında işitsel çevre özellikleri fazla dikkate alınmamaktadır. Bu noktadaki eksikliğe değinmek üzere Çanakkale kent merkezinde yer alan Özgürlük Parkı çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Alanın işitsel çevre özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla ses yürüyüş rotasında ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerinde hafta içi ve hafta sonu günlerinde sabah, öğle ve akşam saatleri olmak üzere toplamda 34 farklı günde 102 ses ölçümü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ses basınç seviyeleri ölçüm yapılan mevsimlere göre değerlendirildiğinde; yaz döneminde 72,60 - 50,53 dB(A) olduğu, sonbahar döneminde 59,22 - 49,60 dB(A) olduğu ve ilkbahar döneminde ise 69,22 - 49,14 dB(A) olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca alanda uygulanan gözlem formları aracılığıyla alanın ses kimliğini oluşturan “sembol ses”, “arka plan sesler” ve “ön plan sesler” tanımlanmıştır. Alanın sembol sesi olarak “kuş sesleri”, arka plan seslerde “feribot-gemi sesleri, bağırma sesleri ve çim biçme sesi”, ön plan sesler ise “konuşma sesleri, bitkilerin sesleri, çocuk sesleri ve rüzgâr sesi” şeklindedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adams, M. & Bruce, N. (2008). Soundwalking as methodology for understanding soundscapes. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 30(PART 2), 548–554.
- Anonim, 2000. European landscape convention. http://conventions.coe.int/ Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/ 176.htm, Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2013.
- Anonim, (2000). European landscape convention. Erişilen adres (29.12.2022): https://www.coe.int/en/ web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=176
- Aletta, F., Kang, J.& Axelsson, Ö. (2016). Soundscape descriptors and a conceptual framework for developing predictive soundscape models. Landscape and Urban Planning, 149, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.02.001
- Brown, A.L. & Muhar, A. (2004). An Approach to the Acoustic Design of Outdoor Space. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 47(6), 827–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/096405604 2000284857
- Carles, J.L., Barrio, I. L. & Lucio, J. V. (1999). Sound Influence on Landscape Values. Landscape and Urban Planning, 43(4), 191-200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00112-1
- Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
- Coğrafya Harita (2022). Türkiye Dilsiz Harita. Erişilen adres (30.11.2022): http://cografyaharita.com /turkiye-dilsiz-haritalari.html
- Hedfors, P. (2003). Site soundscapes : Landscape architecture in the light of sound. Doktora Tezi, Swedish University.
- Jeon, J. Y. & Hong, J. Y. (2015). Classification of Urban Park Soundscapes Through Perceptions of the Acoustical Environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 141, 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.05.005
- Jeon, J. Y., Hong, J. Y., Lavandier, C., Lafon, J., Axelsson, Ö. & Hurtig, M. (2018). A cross-national comparison in assessment of urban park soundscapes in France, Korea, and Sweden through laboratory experiments. Applied Acoustics, 133(October 2017), 107–117.
- Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
- Kandemir, Ö. & Özçevik Bilen, A. (2019). İşitsel peyzaj kavramı üzerine bir mimari tasarım stüdyosu deneyimi. MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 15(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2019.74317
- Kaymaz, I., Belkayalı, N. & Akpınar, N. (2013). Peyzaj mimarlığı kapsamında işitsel peyzaj kavramı: Ankara kent parkları örneği. Peyzaj Mimarlığı 5. Kongresi, 14-17 Kasım, 2013, Adana.
- Raimbault, M. & Dubois, D. (2005). Urban soundscapes: experiences and knowledge. Cities, 22(5), 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.05.003
- Schafer, R.M. (1969). The New Soundscape; Associated Music Publishers: New York, NY, USA.
- Schafer, R.M. (1994). Our sonic environment and the tuning of the world; inner traditions/bear: New York, NY, USA.
- Sémidor, C. (2006). Listening to a city with the soundwalk method. Acta Acustica United With Acustica, 92, 959–964.
- Watts, G. R., Pheasant, R. J. & Horoshenkov, K. V. (2011). Predicting perceived tranquillity in urban parks and open spaces. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 38(4), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1068/b36131
- WHO, (1999). Guidelines for Community Noise. World Health Organization, Geneva. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217
- Yong Jeon, J., Young Hong, J. & Jik Lee, P. (2013). Soundwalk approach to ıdentify urban soundscapes ındividually. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(1), 803–812. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4807801
Öz
In the design and planning of recreation areas in urban design, acoustic environment features are not considered much. To address this deficiency, Özgürlük Park in Çanakkale city center was selected as the study area. To determine the acoustic environmental characteristics of the study area, 102 sound measurements were carried out on a total of 34 different days, including morning, noon, and evening hours on weekdays and weekends during the spring, summer, and fall periods. When the sound pressure levels were evaluated according to the seasons in which measurements were made, it was determined that 72.60 - 50.53 dB(A) in the summer period, 59.22 - 49.60 dB(A) in the fall period, and 69.22 - 49.14 dB(A) in the spring period. In addition, through the observation forms applied in the area, the "soundmark", "keynote sounds", and "signals" that make up the sound identity of the area were identified. The soundmark of the area is "bird sounds", the keynote sounds are "ferry-ship sounds, shouting sounds, and grass mowing sound", and the signals are "speech sounds, plant sounds, children's voices, and wind sounds".
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Adams, M. & Bruce, N. (2008). Soundwalking as methodology for understanding soundscapes. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 30(PART 2), 548–554.
- Anonim, 2000. European landscape convention. http://conventions.coe.int/ Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/ 176.htm, Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2013.
- Anonim, (2000). European landscape convention. Erişilen adres (29.12.2022): https://www.coe.int/en/ web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=176
- Aletta, F., Kang, J.& Axelsson, Ö. (2016). Soundscape descriptors and a conceptual framework for developing predictive soundscape models. Landscape and Urban Planning, 149, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.02.001
- Brown, A.L. & Muhar, A. (2004). An Approach to the Acoustic Design of Outdoor Space. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 47(6), 827–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/096405604 2000284857
- Carles, J.L., Barrio, I. L. & Lucio, J. V. (1999). Sound Influence on Landscape Values. Landscape and Urban Planning, 43(4), 191-200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00112-1
- Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
- Coğrafya Harita (2022). Türkiye Dilsiz Harita. Erişilen adres (30.11.2022): http://cografyaharita.com /turkiye-dilsiz-haritalari.html
- Hedfors, P. (2003). Site soundscapes : Landscape architecture in the light of sound. Doktora Tezi, Swedish University.
- Jeon, J. Y. & Hong, J. Y. (2015). Classification of Urban Park Soundscapes Through Perceptions of the Acoustical Environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 141, 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.05.005
- Jeon, J. Y., Hong, J. Y., Lavandier, C., Lafon, J., Axelsson, Ö. & Hurtig, M. (2018). A cross-national comparison in assessment of urban park soundscapes in France, Korea, and Sweden through laboratory experiments. Applied Acoustics, 133(October 2017), 107–117.
- Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003
- Kandemir, Ö. & Özçevik Bilen, A. (2019). İşitsel peyzaj kavramı üzerine bir mimari tasarım stüdyosu deneyimi. MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture E-Journal, 15(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.14744/megaron.2019.74317
- Kaymaz, I., Belkayalı, N. & Akpınar, N. (2013). Peyzaj mimarlığı kapsamında işitsel peyzaj kavramı: Ankara kent parkları örneği. Peyzaj Mimarlığı 5. Kongresi, 14-17 Kasım, 2013, Adana.
- Raimbault, M. & Dubois, D. (2005). Urban soundscapes: experiences and knowledge. Cities, 22(5), 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.05.003
- Schafer, R.M. (1969). The New Soundscape; Associated Music Publishers: New York, NY, USA.
- Schafer, R.M. (1994). Our sonic environment and the tuning of the world; inner traditions/bear: New York, NY, USA.
- Sémidor, C. (2006). Listening to a city with the soundwalk method. Acta Acustica United With Acustica, 92, 959–964.
- Watts, G. R., Pheasant, R. J. & Horoshenkov, K. V. (2011). Predicting perceived tranquillity in urban parks and open spaces. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 38(4), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1068/b36131
- WHO, (1999). Guidelines for Community Noise. World Health Organization, Geneva. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217
- Yong Jeon, J., Young Hong, J. & Jik Lee, P. (2013). Soundwalk approach to ıdentify urban soundscapes ındividually. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(1), 803–812. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4807801
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çevre Bilimleri, Mimarlık |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Kasım 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 2 Ocak 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
