Palumbina macrodelta

Palumbina macrodelta (Meyrick, 1918)

(Figs 3, 7, 14, 21, 51, 70, 71, 93, 94, 112, 113)

Thyrsostoma macrodelta Meyrick, 1918: 121; Meyrick, 1925: 100; Gaede, 1937: 301; Clarke, 1969: 484. TL: Assam, India. TD: NHMUK.

Palumbina macrodelta: Sattler, 1982: 25.

Material examined. CHINA: Hainan Province: 1 ♂, Tianchi, 810 m, Jianfengling, 30.iii.2008, leg. Bingbing Hu and Haiyan Bai, genitalia slide no. LGE16328; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves (18.90°N, 109.67°E), 740 m, 14.iv.2009, leg. Qing Jin and Bingbing Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE16057; 3 ♀♀, Shuiman Town (18.88°N, 109.67°E), 630 m, Wuzhishan City, 16.iv.2009, leg. Qing Jin and Bingbing Hu, genitalia slide no. GW12238; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Maoyang Town (18.94°N, 109.51°E), 225 m, Wuzhishan City, 18̄ 19.iv.2009, leg. Qing Jin and Bingbing Hu, genitalia slide no. GW12239; 1 ♀, Yinggeling (19.08°N, 109.50°E), 620 m, 9.v.2010, leg. Bingbing Hu and Jing Zhang; 1 ♀, Tianchi, Jianfengling, 12.vi.2010, leg. Bingbing Hu and Jing Zhang; 2 ♀♀, Hongxin Village (19.08°N, 109.52°E) 430 m, Yuanmen, Baisha County, 17.iv.2014, leg. Tengteng Liu, Wei Guan and Xuemei Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE16304; 1 ♂, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves (18.91°N, 109.68°E), 710 m, 20.iv.2014, leg. Tengteng Liu, Wei Guan and Xuemei Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE16041; 1 ♀, Limushan Nature Reserves (19.17°N, 109.74°E), 640 m, 1.v.2014, leg. Tengteng Liu, Wei Guan and Xuemei Hu, genitalia slide no. LGE16042, DNA voucher no. LGE-G013; 1 ♂, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves (18.88°N, 109.65°E), 742 m, 4.vii.2014, leg. Peixin Cong, Linjie Liu and Sha Hu; 1 ♂, Jianfengling Nature Reserves (18.74°N, 108.87°E), 770 m, 16.vii.2014, leg. Peixin Cong, Linjie Liu and Sha Hu, slide no. NKLGE004; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Wuzhishan Nature Reserves (18.88°N, 109.65°E), 742 m, 20̄ 21.v.2015, leg. Peixin Cong, Wei Guan and Sha Hu; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Yaxing Village (19.02°N, 109.40°E), 321 m, Nankai Town, Baisha County, 21.vi.2015, leg. Peixin Cong, Wei Guan and Sha Hu; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Shuiman Town (18.88°N, 109.67°E), 766 m, Wuzhishan City, 7.vii.2015, leg. Qingyun Wang, Suran Li and Mengting Chen, genitalia slide nos. LGE16088, LGE16089, DNA voucher no. LGE-G012; 1 ♀, Limushan Forest Park (19.17°N, 109.73°E), 607 m, 15.vii.2016, leg. Xia Bai, Shuonan Qian and Wanding Qi, genitalia slide no. LGE16269, DNA voucher no. LGE-G426; 1 ♂, Butterfly Ecological Pasture (18.87°N, 109.67°E), 680 m, Wuzhishan City, 31.x.2016, leg. Xia Bai, Shuonan Qian and Wanding Qi; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Yinggezui (19.05°N, 109.56°E), 599 m, Yinggeling, 29.vii ̄ 1.viii.2017, leg. Xia Bai, Ping Liu and Shuai Yu; 2 ♂♂, Mt.

Wuzhi, (18.91°N, 109.70°E), 732 m, 2̄ 5.viii.2017, leg. Xia Bai, Ping Liu and Shuai Yu; Yunnan Province: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Taiyanghe Nature Reserves, 1600 m, 11.vii.2013, leg. Zhengguo Zhang, genitalia slide nos. GW13110, GW13111; 1 ♂, Taiyanghe National Forest Park (22.60°N, 101.11°E), 1626 m, Pu’er City, 8.vii.2013, leg. Shurong Liu, Yuqi Wang and Kaijian Teng, genitalia slide no. LGE16187, DNA voucher no. LGE-G010; 4 ♀♀, Nanlahe (21.59°N, 101.58°E), 652 m, Bubang Town, Mengla County, 11̄ 12.vii.2013, leg. Shurong Liu, Yuqi Wang and Kaijian Teng, genitalia slide no. LGE16188, DNA voucher no. LGE-G011; 1 ♂, Taiyanghe Nature Reserves, 1450 m, 30.vii.2014, leg. Zhenguo Zhang, genitalia slide no. LGE17023; 2 ♂♂, Taiyanghe Nature Reserves, 1450 m, 2̄ 5.ix.2014, leg. Zhenguo Zhang; 1 ♀, Taiyanghe National Forest Park, 1450 m, Pu’er City, 19.iv.2015, leg. Kaijian Teng, genitalia slide no. LGE17026; 1 ♀, Taiyanghe Nature Reserves, 8.vi.2015, leg. Zhenguo Zhang; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Yexianggu (22.17°N, 100.87°E), 762 m, Xishuangbanna, 9̄ 12.vii.2015, leg. Kaijian Teng and Xia Bai, genitalia slide nos. LGE17024, LGE17025.

Re-description. Adult (Figs 7, 14, 21, 70, 71). Wingspan 8.0̄11.0 mm. Head creamy white. Labial palpus creamy white except segment I fuscous on outer surface; in male, segment II stout, 1/2 length of III, with abundant hairpencil reaching before apex of III; segment III slightly appressed and broader than II, apex blunt and tinged with fuscous; in female, slender, segment II as long as III, segment III fuscous, pointed at apex. Antenna with scape creamy white; flagellum fuscous, with cilia as long as width in male. Thorax and tegula creamy white. Forewing ground color dark fuscous, often suffused with creamy scales before apex; markings creamy white: a narrow stripe at base; antemedian fascia straight, broadened medially, slightly narrowed toward both costa and dorsum, sometimes not reaching dorsum, in some individules confluent with creamy white scales on base of dorsum; distal patch between 1/2 and 2/3, inverted triangular or trapezoidal, reaching neither costa nor dorsum, various in size. Hindwing dark grey. Legs creamy white to light yellow; fore femur, tibia and tarsus black on outer surface, fore tibia with inner surface black apically, fore tarsus with first tarsomere black at middle on inner surface, remaining tarsomeres ringed with black apically; mid tibia with base and apex black, mid tarsus with first tarsomere black at middle, remaining tarsomeres ringed with black apically; hind femur black at base, hind tibia black near tibial spurs, after middle, and at apex; hind tarsus as in mid tarsus.

Pregenital abdomen (Fig. 51). In male, coremata nearly 1/3 length of abdomen, sternum VIII rounded, abruptly pointed posteriorly at middle. In female, posterior margin of sternum VII concave in V-shape, tergum VII broadly concave and nearly U-shaped.

Male genitalia (Figs 93, 94). Uncus sub-rectangular, apex slightly emarginate at middle. Gnathos hook upcurved from base to middle, curved downward after middle, then upcurved in distal 1/4. Tegumen 2.5 times longer than uncus. Valva narrowed at basal 1/3, gradually broadening to distal 1/3, then tapering toward apex, setose distally. Sacculus slightly produced. Anellus lobe digitate, slightly shorter than 1/2 length of valva; apical bristle as long as anellus lobe, reaching distal 1/4 of valva. Vinculum slender, M-shaped, with a pair of pediform processes as long as anellus lobe. Saccus slender, 1/2 length of anellus lobe. Aedeagus dilated basally, slender distally, distal 2/3 strongly coiled.

Female genitalia (Figs 112, 113). Papillae anales simple. Apophyses anteriores slightly shorter than 1/2 length of apophyses posteriores. Segment VIII sub-quadrate, with sternum protruded medially on anterior margin. Ostium bursae small, nearly U-shaped. Ductus bursae very narrow and long, approximately 4 times longer than corpus bursae, with colliculum situated at anterior 1/5 or 1/6; ductus seminalis arising from below colliculum. Corpus bursae oval; signum at middle, basal plate rhombiform, with a hook-shaped process arising anteriorly.

Diagnosis. Palumbina macrodelta can be differentiated from its allies by the darker coloration of the forewing with vivid markings. In P. macrodelta, the antemedian fascia is broad, and the distal patch is large and in the shape of an inverted triangle or trapezoid. The related species, P. atricha sp. nov. and P. sigmoides sp. nov. have a rather slender antemedian fascia, and an irregular distal patch or distal streaks that are indistinct sometimes. The male labial palpus of P. macrodelta is distinctively stout and appressed, and bears abundant hair pencils reaching before apex of segment III (Fig. 7). Male genitalia are characterized by the M-shaped vinculum with paired pediform lateral processes and the strongly coiled aedeagus (Figs 93, 94).

Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan), India.

Remarks. It is assumed that the distinctive shape of the aedeagus in P. macrodelta may be specialized for the especially long ductus bursae. It has been known that the male aedeagus penetrates the ductus bursae of the female during copulation in some groups of Lepidoptera such as Noctuidae and Geometridae (Sihvonen & Mikkola 2002; Mikkola 2008). This species is firstly recorded for China.