Cambeva panthera E. & Costa & M. & Feltrin & Katz 2021, n. sp.

Cambeva panthera n. sp.

(Figs 5, 11E, 12E, 13E; Table 5)

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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype. Brazil • 1 ex., 66.5 mm SL; Santa Catarina State: Pedras Grandes Municipality: village of Azambuja, stream tributary of Rio Pedras Grandes, Rio Tubarão basin; 28°28’37”S, 49°11’41”W; about 245 m asl; C. R. M. Feltrin; 22.III.2021; UFRJ 6984.

Paratypes. Brazil • 6 ex., 18.7-63.6 mm SL; collected with holotype; UFRJ 6985 • 4 ex. (C&S), 30.9-55.5 mm SL; collected with holotype; UFRJ 6986 • 3 ex., 46.2-57.0 mm SL; collected with holotype; CICCAA 04108.

DIAGNOSIS. — Cambeva panthera n. sp. is distinguished from other species of the C. botuvera complex in having a longer maxillary barbel, its tip reaching the middle of the pectoral-fin base (vs reaching area between interopercular patch of odontodes and pectoral-fin base), fewer vertebrae (37, vs 39 or 40), the dorsal-fin origin in a vertical through the centrum of the 18th or 19th vertebra (vs 21st or 22nd), fewer opercular odontodes (10 or 11, vs 13-18), more premaxillary teeth (44-46, vs 36-42), and by the presence of rounded brown spots with dark brown to black margin on the flank in adult specimens (vs uniformly pigmented spots). Cambeva panthera n. sp. is also distinguished from C. orbitofrontalis n. sp. in having fewer ribs (14, vs 16), a subtruncate caudal fin (vs rounded), more dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays (20-24, vs 18), fewer interopercular odontodes (23-25, vs 30-35), a longer caudal fin (caudal-fin length 17.8-20.2 % SL, vs 13.0-15.2 % SL), and longer pelvic-fins (pelvic-fin length 9.7-12.6 % SL, vs 7.6-9.1 % SL).

DISTRIBUTION. — Cambeva panthera n. sp. occurs in the eastern forested slope. It is only known from the type locality, a stream tributary of the Rio Pedras Grandes, Rio Tubarão basin, altitude about 250 m (Fig. 14).

ETYMOLOGY. — The name panthera (panther), derived from the Greek, is an allusion to the colour pattern of larger specimens that exhibit a colour pattern similar to that occurring in species of the felid genus Panthera Oken, 1816.

DESCRIPTION

General morphology

Morphometric data in Table 5. Body moderately slender, subcylindrical anteriorly to compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth in area between pectoral and pelvic fins. Dorsal and ventral profiles of head and trunk slightly convex, slightly convex on caudal peduncle. Skin papillae minute. Anus and urogenital papilla in vertical through middle portion of dorsalfin base. Head trapezoidal in dorsal view, anterior profile of snout slightly convex. Eye small, dorsally positioned in middle portion of head.Posterior nostril located nearer anterior nostril than orbital rim. Tip of maxillary barbel reaching middle of pectoral-fin base; tip of rictal reaching between interopercular patch of odontodes and pectoral-fin base; tip of nasal barbel reaching middle of opercular patch of odontodes. Mouth subterminal. Jaw teeth pointed, slightly curved, irregularly arranged, 44-46 in premaxilla, 38-43 in dentary. Branchial membrane attached to isthmus only at its anterior point. Branchiostegal rays 8. Cranial fontanels present, posterior fontanel long, anteriorly extending between frontals to reach transverse line close to lateral sphenotic process. Dorsal and anal fins subtriangular, distal margin slightly convex; total dorsal-fin rays 11-12 (ii-iii + II + 7), total anal-fin rays 9-10 (ii-iii + I-II + 5-6); anal-fin origin in vertical just anterior to posterior dorsal-fin base end. Dorsal-fin origin in vertical through centrum of 18th or 19th vertebra; anal-fin origin in vertical through centrum of 23rd or 24th vertebra. Pectoral fin subtriangular in dorsal view, posterior margin slightly convex, first pectoral-fin ray terminating in short filament, about 10-15 % of pectoral-fin length; total pectoral-fin rays 7 (I + 6). Pelvic fin subtruncate, its extremity in vertical through middle of dorsal-fin base; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity; total pelvic-fin rays 5 (I + 4). Caudal fin subtruncate, postero-dorsal and postero-ventral extremities rounded; total principal caudal-fin rays 13 (I + 11 + I), total dorsal procurrent rays 20-23 (xix-xxii + I), total ventral procurrent rays 13-14 (xii-xiii + I-II). Vertebrae 37. Ribs 14. Two dorsal hypural plates, corresponding to hypurals 4 + 5 and 3, respectively; single ventral hypural plate corresponding to hypurals 1 and 2 and parhypural.

Latero-sensory system

Supraorbital sensory canal continuous, connected to infraorbital sensory canal posteriorly. Supraorbital sensory canal with 3 pores: s1, adjacent to medial margin of anterior nostril; s3, adjacent to medial margin of posterior nostril; and s6, on middle part of dorsal surface of head, in transverse line just posterior to orbit; pore s6 nearer orbit than its paired homologous pore. Anterior segment of infraorbital sensory canal absent; posterior segment with pore i10, adjacent to ventral margin of orbit, and pore i11, posterior to orbit. Postorbital canal with 2 pores: po1, in vertical line above posterior portion of interopercular patch of odontodes, and po2, in vertical line above posterior portion of opercular patch of odontodes. Lateral line of body short, with 2 pores, posterior-most pore in vertical just posterior to pectoral-fin base.

Mesethmoidal region (Fig. 11E)

Mesethmoid robust, its anterior margin about straight; mesethmoid cornu subtriangular in dorsal view, extremity pointed; narrow lateral flap on intersection between cornu and main bone axis. Small lateral projection on lateral ethmoid margin close to posterior portion of sesamoid supraorbital. Antorbital thin, drop-shaped; sesamoid supraorbital slender, its length about thrice or slightly more antorbital length. Premaxilla subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, anterior margin convex, laterally narrowing, longer than maxilla. Maxilla boomerang-shaped, slender, slightly curved. Autopalatine sub-rectangular in dorsal view, broad, about so long as wide, with concavity on medial margin, lateral margins slightly concave; autopalatine posterolateral process subtriangular in dorsal view, short, its length shorter than osseus portion of autopalatine length excluding posterolateral process.

Cheek region (Fig. 12E)

Metapterygoid thin, subtriangular, large, its largest length longer than horizontal length of quadrate excluding dorsal process; minute projection on anteroventral bone margin, close to articulatory cartilage block. Quadrate slender, dorsal process with constricted base, dorsoposterior margin in contact with from hyomandibula outgrowth. Hyomandibula long, with well-developed anterior outgrowth, with deep dorsal concavity. Opercle relatively slender, opercular odontode patch depth about half dorsal hyomandibula articular facet, with 10 or 11 odontodes; odontodes pointed, straight to slightly curved, arranged in irregular transverse rows; dorsal process of opercle short; opercular articular facet for hyomandibula with small, rounded flap, articular facet for preopercle rounded, close to opercular facet. Interopercle moderate, about two thirds hyomandibula length, anterior margin concave; interopercular odontode patch with 23-25 pointed odontodes, arranged in irregular longitudinal rows. Preopercle compact, with short ventral flap.

Parurohyal (Fig. 13E)

Robust, lateral process sub-triangular, posterior margin slightly convex, latero-posteriorly directed, extremity pointed; parurohyal head well-developed, with prominent anterolateral paired process; middle foramen small, rounded; posterior process long, about three fifths of distance between anterior margin of parurohyal and anterior insertion of lateral process.

Colouration in alcohol (Fig. 5)

Flank, dorsum and head side pale yellow, with rounded brown spots with dark brown to black margin; flank spots irregularly arranged and variable in size, largest spots slightly larger than opercular patch of odontodes. Venter and ventral part of head yellowish white. Barbels brown, with dark brown dots. Fins pale grey with small brownish grey spots on basal portion. In juveniles, spots dark brown without distinct margin colour; spots slightly darker along longitudinal midline of flank.