Stegelytrini Baker 1915

Stegelytrini Baker, 1915

Fig. 53

Type genus: Stegelytra Mulsant & Rey, 1855.

Diagnosis

Stegelytrini are medium sized to large leafhoppers, sometimes very robust, setose, and flylike in appearance. They can be identified by the head usually much narrower than the pronotum, eyes encroaching onto the pronotum and lying above lateral carinae of pronotum, antennae usually very long, clypellus often with pair of stout subapical setae, legs with supernumerary setae, profemur row AM with AM1 plus two or more additional macrosetae, metatibia dorsal surface with extra setae between rows AD and PD near base, valve often with long length of articulation with pygofer, connective with anterior arms widely divergent, and style linear.

Description

HEAD. Head usually distinctly narrower than pronotum, rarely wider than pronotum; eyes lying above lateral carinae of pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae. Anterior margin of head shagreen or with numerous transverse striations or carinae. Frontoclypeus not tumid, texture shagreen. Clypellus widening apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena; usually with pair of subapical stout setae. Lorum subequal to or wider than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae usually very long, 1.5 x width of head or longer, rarely short. Gena not incised or obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledges weakly developed (carinate or weakly carinate) or strongly developed (with a definite ledge). Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head.

THORAX. Thorax often very large or inflated. Pronotum lateral margin carinate or not carinate; lateral margin often longer than basal width of eye, rarely shorter. Mesonotum often elongate and protuberant posteriorly.

WINGS. Forewing macropterous or submacropterous; apex sometimes truncate; appendix absent or reduced, or present and restricted to anal margin or large and extending around wing apex; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without reflexed costal veins; A1-A2 crossvein absent or present; apical venation highly reticulate or not; commissural margin usually thickened and elevated.

LEGS. Legs often with supernumerary thin and thick setae. Profemur with AM1 and with two or more additional proximal setae; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae, or setae scattered, not in one row; row AV with relatively long macrosetae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1 or 2+2+1 and with additional proximal macrosetae and/or with extra macrosetae clustered near apex. Metatibia dorsal surface with extra setae between rows AD and PD, especially near base; dorsal side often distinctly wider at base than at apex. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered.

MALE GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer or rarely fused to pygofer; lateral margin often relatively long and with long length of articulation with pygofer, or sometimes lateral margin short, articulating with pygofer at a point. Pygofer basolateral membranous cleft often absent, rarely present; macrosetae absent or reduced (≤ two rows) or well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates free from each other; articulated with valve; without macrosetae or with macrosetae scattered, irregularly arranged, or uniseriate, distant from lateral margin. Style linear, median anterior lobe not pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced or present, connected or articulated to connective or near base of aedeagus. Aedeagus with single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms widely divergent, T -shaped or plate-like; articulated with aedeagus.

FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding or protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern strigate or concatenate; sculpturing reaching dorsal margin; without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula abruptly broadened medially or subapically, or broad, gradually tapered; without dorsal median tooth; teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth large, regularly shaped or teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped.

Geography and ecology

Distribution: Palearctic and Oriental regions. Stegelytrini have been collected on trees. Recorded host families include Fagaceae and Lauraceae. Aggregations of males have been observed on wet soil.

Remarks

Stegelytrini contains 30 genera and 83 species. It is the earliest diverging lineage of Deltocephalinae, and its relictual status is reflected in the retention of primitive structures of the male genitalia such as the narrow style base and median anterior lobe of the connective. Many members of the tribe also have a suite of derived characters that are outwardly modified and produce a strange flylike or otherwise “hairy” appearance. The functional significance of these modified characters is not known, although some may be Batesian mimics of flies or bees. The tribe, which has been accorded separate subfamily status by some authors, was recently revised in a series of papers (see Selected references). We prefer to treat the group as a tribe of Deltocephalinae to accentuate the strong phylogenetic support for its close relationship to other deltocephalines.

Selected references

Webb (1999), Wei et al. (2006, 2007a, b, 2008 a, b, 2010).

Included genera

Aculescutellaris Zhang, Wei & Webb, 2007

Cyrta Melichar, 1902

Daochia Wei, Zhang & Webb, 2006

Doda Distant, 1908

Honguchia Wei & Webb, 2010

Kasinella Evans, 1971

Kunasia Distant, 1908

Louangana Wei & Webb, 2010

Minucella Wei, Zhang & Webb, 2008

Neophansia Wei & Webb, 2010

Pachymetopius Matsumura, 1914

Paracyrta Wei, Webb & Zhang, 2008

Paradoxivena Wei, Zhang &Webb, 2006

Paraplacidellus Zhang, Wei & Shen, 2002

Paratoba Wei, Webb & Zhang, 2007

Pataniolidia Wei, Webb & Zhang, 2007

Placidellus Evans, 1971

Platyvalvata Zhang, Wei & Webb, 2006

Pseudododa Zhang, Wei & Webb, 2007

Quiontugia Wei & Zhang, 2010

Shangonia Wei & Webb, 2010

Stegelytra Mulsant & Rey, 1855

Stenolora Zhang, Wei & Webb, 2006

Sychentia Wei & Webb, 2010

Temburocera Webb, 1999

Toba Schmidt, 1911

Trunchinus Zhang, Webb & Wei, 2007

Wadkufia Linnavuori, 1965

Wyuchiva Zhang, Wei & Webb, 2006

Yaontogonia Wei & Webb, 2010