Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti 1866

Key to adult females of Pulvinaria species known to occur in China

1 Marginal setae mostly setose, sharp or rather bluntly pointed; marginal setae with divided and split apices few or absent.... 2

- Marginal setae mostly frayed, fimbriate or branched; marginal setae with sharp or rather bluntly pointed apices few...... 19

2 Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 or 8 loculi.......................................................... 3

- Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi............................................................ 11

3 Preopercular pores present in dorsal median area anterior to anal plates........................................... 4

- Preopercular pores absent......................................................... nipponica (Lindinger, 1933)

4 Ventral tubular ducts present in submarginal area of head; type V ventral tubular ducts absent medially on posterior abdominal segments............................................................................................ 5

- Ventral tubular ducts absent from submarginal area of head; type V ventral tubular ducts present medially on posterior abdominal segments.................................................................. peregrina (Borchsenius, 1953)

5 Anal plates each with a discal seta........................................................................ 6

- Anal plates without discal setae.......................................................................... 7

6 Pregenital disc-pores present on all abdominal segments; ventral tubular ducts present near vulvar area; anal ring bearing 8 setae........................................................................ hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946

- Pregenital disc-pores not present on all abdominal segments; ventral tubular ducts absent from near vulvar area; anal ring bearing 10 setae....................................................................... taiwana Takahashi, 1929

7 Marginal setae shorter than median stigmatic spines.......................................................... 8

- Marginal setae longer than median stigmatic spines................................... neocellulosa Takahashi, 1940

8 Marginal setae without expanded paliform apices; anal ring setae numbering 8..................................... 9

- Some marginal setae with expanded paliform apices; anal ring setae numbering 6............. decorata Borchsenius, 1957

9 With ventral tubular ducts of 3 types..................................................................... 10

- With ventral tubular ducts of 5 types (Fig. 1 and 2)................................................ pistaciae sp. n.

10 Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 8 loculi; with 3 pairs of long pregenital setae, and with pairs of long ventral setae in median area of each abdominal and thoracic segment...................................... photiniae Kuwana, 1914

- Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi, with 3 pairs of long pregential setae on ventral median area of abdomen only, other pairs of long ventral setae absent from median areas................................. minuscula (Danzig, 1967)

11 With ventral tubular ducts of 3 or 4 types................................................................. 12

- With ventral tubular ducts of 2 types only................................................................. 17

12 Dorsal tubular ducts present; anal plates without discal setae.................................................. 13

- Dorsal tubular ducts absent; anal plates each with a discal seta............................... citricola (Kuwana, 1909)

13 Marginal setae present in 2 rows; pregenital disc-pores present around vulva but absent from other anterior abdominal segments.............................................................................................. 14

- Marginal setae present in 1 row; pregenital disc-pores present around vulva and on all abdominal segments............. 15

14 Pregenital disc-pores present laterad to each metacoxa and mesocoxa...................... salicicola Borchsenius, 1953

- Pregenital disc-pores absent from laterad to each coxa........................................ vitis (Linnaeus, 1758)

15 Claw without denticle................................................................................. 16

- Claw with denticle............................................................... populeti Borchsenius, 1953

16 Anal ring setae numbering 8; 4 apical setae near the apex of anal plate; spiracular disc-pores numbering about 244–370 in each spiracular pore band............................................................... costata Borchsenius, 1952

- Anal ring setae numbering 6; one of the 4 apical setae is removed from the apex by about 1/5 the length of the plate and is situated near the latero-posterior margin; spiracular disc-pores numbering about 50–55 in each spiracular pore band........................................................................................... kuwacola Kuwana, 1907

17 Body elongate oval; ventral tubular ducts with a filamentous inner ductule absent from head and from between antennal bases.................................................................................................. 18

- Body almost circular; ventral tubular ducts with a filamentous inner ductule abundant on head and between antennal bases......................................................................................... ferrisi Ali, 1971

18 Antenna with 6 segments; anal plates each with 2 discal setae; pregenital disc-pores absent medially on thorax; ventral tubular ducts present medially on thorax between mesocoxa and metacoxa............................. iceryi (Signoret, 1869)

- Antenna with 8 segments; anal plates without discal setae; pregenital disc-pores present medially on thorax laterad to each metacoxa; ventral tubular ducts absent medially on thorax between mesocoxa and metacoxa...... bambusicola (Tang, 1991)

19 Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi............................................................. 20

- Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi............................................................ 23

20 Ventral tubular ducts with a filamentous inner ductule present in submarginal band on head and between spiracular disc-pore bands; anal ring setae numbering 8...................................................................... 21

- Ventral tubular ducts with a filamentous inner ductule absent from submarginal area of head and between spiracular disc-pore bands; anal ring setae numbering 6................................................... okitsuensis Kuwana, 1914

21 Each stigmatic cleft usually containing 3 stigmatic spines; spiracles without sclerotic plates......................... 22

- Each stigmatic cleft usually containing 4–6 stigmatic spines; spiracles sometimes each surrounded by a sclerotic plate.................................................................................... polygonata Cockerell, 1905

22 Dorsal dermal areolations present..................................................... aurantii Cockerell, 1896

- Dorsal dermal areolations absent................................................... floccifera (Westwood, 1870)

23 Ventral tubular ducts present between antennal bases; spiracles each with a sclerotic plate; supporting bars of anal plates connected at the mid-line.......................................................... Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893

- Ventral tubular ducts absent from area between antennal bases; spiracles each without a sclerotic plate; supporting bars of anal plates separate.................................................................... durantae Takahashi, 1931