Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2234-8646
eISSN 2234-8840
    Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Dec;14(4):340-349. Korean.
    Published online Dec 31, 2011.
    https://doi.org/10.5223/kjpgn.2011.14.4.340
    Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
    Review

    Breakfast and Health in Adolescents

    Kie Young Park, M.D.
      • Department of Pediatrics, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Tel: 033-610-3179, Fax: 033-641-8148, (Email: drped@naver.com )
    Received December 19, 2011; Revised December 25, 2011; Accepted December 25, 2011.

    Abstract

    Breakfast is an important meal for adolescents to supply adequate nutrition for growth and maintenance and to prevent chronic disease. Nevertheless, the rate of skipping breakfast, which decreased 6 years ago, has gradually increased again in recent years in Korea. Manystudies show that skipping breakfast increases the risk for obesity, amenorrhea, and poor academic performance. The recommended breakfast for adolescents is a low glycemic load (GL) diet, fiber-rich family breakfast. The hunger and lazy feeling after breakfast are enhanced by a high GL and low fiber diet, which leads to additional intake of calories. A family breakfast can help to maintain a healthy life-style and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease.

    Keywords
    Breakfast; Adolescent; Obesity; Academic performance

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    This schematic diagram shows the theoretical mechanism: Good breakfast and life-style habits prevent the development of obesity and chronic diseases. Modified from reference 13.

    Fig. 2
    This diagram shows the hypothesis: High glycemic loaded foods are linked with the development of type 2 diabetes. Modified from reference 31.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Daily Additional Protein and Mineral Requirements during Adolescence and Rapid Growth Periods

    Table 2
    Calories, Minerals, and Vitamins in Breakfasts Consumed by Middle, High School Students in Korea

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    MeSH Terms
    Adolescent
    Amenorrhea
    Breakfast
    Cardiovascular Diseases
    Chronic Disease
    Diet
    Female
    Humans
    Hunger
    Korea
    Meals
    Obesity
    Metrics
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