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Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 20 - 26, 31.01.2023

Recai Zan Kerem Engin Akpınar Hüseyin Sinan Topcuoğlu İhsan Hubbezoğlu Arzu Şeyma Demir

https://doi.org/10.5152/crds.2022.6238

Abstract

References

  • 1. Bukhari S, Babaeer A. Irrigation in endodontics: A review. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2019;6(4):367-376. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Br Dent J. 2014;216(6):299-303. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Nusstein JM. Sonic and ultrasonic irrigation. In: Endodontic Irrigation 173-197. Springer International Publishing; 2015. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Holliday R, Alani A. Traditional and contemporary techniques for opti- mizing root canal irrigation. Dent Update. 2014;41(1):51-61. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Yılmaz B, Sedat Küçükay E. Evaluating the apically extruded debris and irrigants in different nickel-titanium instrumentation and irriga- tion techniques. 2021;6:80-86.
  • 6. Romeo U, Palaia G, Nardo A, et al. Effectiveness of KTP laser versus 980nm diode laser to kill Enterococcus faecalis in biofilms developed in experimentally infected root canals. Aust Endod J. 2015;41(1): 17-23. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Sabins RA, Johnson JD, Hellstein JW. A comparison of the cleaning efficacy of short-term sonic and ultrasonic passive irrigation after hand instrumentation in molar root canals. J Endod. 2003;29(10): 674-678. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Van Der Sluis LWM, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Passive ultra- sonic irrigation of the root canal: A review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007;40(6):415-426. [CrossRef]
  • 9. de Gregorio C, Estevez R, Cisneros R, Heilborn C, Cohenca N. Effect of EDTA, sonic, and ultrasonic activation on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into simulated lateral canals: An in vitro study. J Endod. 2009;35(6):891-895. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Akcay M, Arslan H, Durmus N, Mese M, Capar ID. Dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus, iRoot SP, MTA fillapex, and GuttaFlow bioseal root canal sealers after different final irrigation procedures: A confo- cal microscopic study. Lasers Surg Med. 2016;48(1):70-76. [CrossRef] 11. Bernardes RA, de Amorim Campelo A, Junior DS, et al. Evaluation of the flow rate of 3 endodontic sealers: Sealer 26, AH Plus, and MTA Obtura. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(1):e47-e49. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Borges ÁH, Orçati Dorileo MC, Dalla Villa R, et al. Physicochemical properties and surfaces morphologies evaluation of MTA FillApex and AH Plus. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:589732. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Da Silva EJNL, Accorsi-Mendonça T, Pedrosa AC, Granjeiro JM, Zaia AA. Long-term cytotoxicity, PH and dissolution rate of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(4):419-423. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Chang SW, Lee SY, Kang SK, Kum KY, Kim EC. In vitro biocompatibil- ity, inflammatory response, and osteogenic potential of 4 root canal sealers: Sealapex, sankin apatite root sealer, MTA Fillapex, and iroot SP root canal sealer. J Endod. 2014;40(10):1642-1648. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Peters LB, van Winkelhoff AJ, Buijs JF, Wesselink PR. Effects of instru- mentation, irrigation and dressing with calcium hydroxide on infec- tion in pulpless teeth with periapical bone lesions. Int Endod J. 2002;35(1):13-21. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Machado R, Cruz ATG, de Araujo BMM, Klemz AA, Klug HP, da Silva Neto UX. Tubular dentin sealer penetration after different final irriga- tion protocols: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(6):649-654. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Nagaoka S, Miyazaki Y, Liu HJ, Iwamoto Y, Kitano M, Kawagoe M. Bac- terial invasion into dentinal tubules of human vital and nonvital teeth. J Endod. 1995;21(2):70-73. [CrossRef] 18. Uzunoglu-Özyürek E, Erdoğan Ö, Aktemur Türker S. Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on the dentinal tubule penetration of 2 different root canal sealers: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study. J Endod. 2018;44(6):1018-1023. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Bouillaguet S, Shaw L, Barthelemy J, Krejci I, Wataha JC. Long-term sealing ability of Pulp Canal Sealer, AH-Plus, GuttaFlow and Epiph- any. Int Endod J. 2008;41(3):219-226. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Townsend C, Maki J. An in vitro comparison of new irrigation and agitation techniques to ultrasonic agitation in removing bacteria from a simulated root canal. J Endod. 2009;35(7):1040-1043. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Küçük M, Kermeoğlu F. Efficacy of different irrigation methods on dentinal tubule penetration of chlorhexidine, QMix and Irritrol: A con- focal laser scanning microscopy study. Aust Endod J. 2019;45(2): 202-208. [CrossRef]
  • 22. de Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-activated irrigation within root canals: Cleaning effi- cacy and flow visualization. Int Endod J. 2009;42(12):1077-1083. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Shahriari S, Kasraei S, Roshanaei G, Karkeabadi H, Davanloo H. Effi- cacy of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser in intracanal smear layer removal: An SEM study. J Lasers Med Sci. 2017;8(1):36-41. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Moritz A, Doertbudak O, Gutknecht N, Goharkhay K, Schoop U, Sperr W. Nd:YAG laser irradiation of infected root canals in combina- tion with microbiological examinations. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128(11):1525-1530. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Kuştarci A, Sümer Z, Altunbaş D, Koşum S. Bactericidal effect of KTP laser irradiation against Enterococcus faecalis compared with gase- ous ozone: An ex vivo study. Oral Surg, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2009;107:73-79.
  • 26. Martin H, Cunningham W. Endosonics--the ultrasonic synergistic system of endodontics. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1(6):201-206. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Galler KM, Grubmüller V, Schlichting R, et al. Penetration depth of irrigants into root dentine after sonic, ultrasonic and photoacoustic activation. Int Endod J. 2019;52(8):1210-1217. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Özlek E, Neelakantan P, Akkol E, Gündüz H, Uçar AY, Belli S. Dentinal tubule penetration and dislocation resistance of a new bioactive root canal sealer following root canal medicament removal using sonic agitation or laser-activated irrigation. Eur Endod J. 2020;5(3): 264-270. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Keskin G, Çiloğlu M. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation on dentinal tubule penetra- tion of MTA-based root canal sealer: A confocal microscopy study. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2021;36:102584. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Nikhil V, Singh R. Confocal laser scanning microscopic investigation of ultrasonic, sonic, and rotary sealer placement techniques. J Con- serv Dent. 2013;16(4):294-299. [CrossRef] 31. El Hachem R, Khalil I, Le Brun G, et al. Dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus, BC Sealer and a novel tricalcium silicate sealer: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(4): 1871-1876. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Gu Y, Perinpanayagam H, Kum DJ, et al. Effect of different agitation techniques on the penetration of irrigant and sealer into dentinal tubules. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017;35(2):71-77. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Peterson DA. Confocal microscopy. Encycl. Mov Disord. 2010;250-252. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Amoroso-Silva PA, Guimarães BM, Marciano MA, et al. Microscopic analysis of the quality of obturation and physical properties of MTA Fillapex. Microsc Res Tech. 2014;77(12):1031-1036. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Kok D, Rosa RA, Barreto MS, et al. Penetrability of AH Plus and MTA fillapex after endodontic treatment and retreatment: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech. 2014;77(6): 467-471. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Sönmez IS, Oba AA, Sönmez D, Almaz ME. In vitro evaluation of apical microleakage of a new MTA-based sealer. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(5):252-255. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Silva EJ, Rosa TP, Herrera DR, Jacinto RC, Gomes BP, Zaia AA. Evalu- ation of cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of calcium sili- cate-based endodontic sealer MTA Fillapex. J Endod. 2013;39(2): 274-277. [CrossRef]
  • 38. Shakya VK, Gupta P, Tikku AP, et al. An invitro evaluation of antimi- crobial efficacy and flow characteristics for AH Plus, MTA fillapex, CRCS and gutta flow 2 root canal sealer. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(8): ZC104-ZC108. [CrossRef]
  • 39. Yücel AC, Güler E, Güler AU, Ertaş E. Bacterial penetration after obtu- ration with four different root canal sealers. J Endod. 2006;32(9): 890-893. [CrossRef]
  • 40. Moon YM, Kim HC, Bae KS, Baek SH, Shon WJ, Lee W. Effect of laser-activated irrigation of 1320-nanometer Nd:YAG laser on sealer penetration in curved root canals. J Endod. 2012;38(4):531-535. [CrossRef]
  • 41. Kara Tuncer A, Tuncer S. Effect of different final irrigation solutions on dentinal tubule penetration depth and percentage of root canal sealer. J Endod. 2012;38(6):860-863. [CrossRef]

Assessment of dentinal tubule penetration of AH plus, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex after various disinfection procedures: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 20 - 26, 31.01.2023

Recai Zan Kerem Engin Akpınar Hüseyin Sinan Topcuoğlu İhsan Hubbezoğlu Arzu Şeyma Demir

https://doi.org/10.5152/crds.2022.6238

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare dentinal tubule penetration of various root canal sealers obturated after the application of different irrigation activation procedures by a laser scanning confocal microscope.
Methods: A total of 150 extracted human permanent mandibular premolar single-rooted teeth were selected and randomly divided into 3 main groups according to the sealer type (n = 50) as AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Sealapex. Each main group was randomly subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the irrigation activation protocols (n = 10): Potassium–titanyl–phosphate laser irradiation, conventional needle, intra-kit, sonic irrigation, and ultrasonic irrigation procedures. After the activation procedures, the root canals were obturated with AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Sealapex mixed with 0.1% fluorescent rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Specimens were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. All sections were examined under a confocal laser scanning micro- scope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration area.
Results: Data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests (P = .05). Sealapex indicated a statistically lesser penetration than the other group (P < .05), MTA Fillapex ensured deeper penetration than AH Plus (P < .05). Ultrasonic irrigation provided sig- nificantly deeper penetration than other activation procedures (P < .05). The statistically high- est percentage and the maximum depth of sealer penetration were shown in coronal third for all groups (P < .05).
Conclusion: The selection of root canal sealer, irrigation activation procedures, and root canal region plays a crucial role on the dentinal tubule penetration. AH Plus and MTA Fillapex applied with ultrasonic irrigation could achieve deeper sealer penetration in dentinal tubules.
Keywords: Dentin tubule penetration, confocal laser scanning microscopy, irrigation activation, root canal treatment

ÖZ
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı dezenfeksiyon tekniklerinin uygulanmasından sonra uygulanan çeşitli kök kanal patlarının dentin tübüllerine penetrasyonunu bir konfokal lazer tarama mikros- kobu kullanarak değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: 150 adet çekilmiş insan daimi mandibular premolar tek köklü dişler seçildi ve rastgele olarak patların tipine göre AH Plus, MTA Fillapex ve Sealapex olarak 3 ana gruba ayrılmıştır (n = 50). Her grup irigasyon aktivasyon prosedürüne göre rastgele olarak beş altgruba ayrılmıştır (n = 10); KTP lazer ile ışınlama, geleneksel, intra-kit, sonik (Sİ) ve ultrasonik aktivasyon (Uİ) prosedüreleri
Aktivasyon prosedürlerinin ardından kök kanalları % 0.1 floresan rodamin B izotiyosiyanat ile karıştırılmış AH Plus, MTA Fillapex ve Sealapex patlar ile dolduruldu. Örnekler apeksten itibaren 3, 6, ve 9 mm kesitler alındı. Bütün kesitler dentin tübül penetrasyonu alanını hesaplamak için bir lazer taramalı konfokal mikroskop altında incelendi. Veriler varyans üç yönlü analiz ve Tukey testleri kul- lanılarak analiz edildi (P = ,05).
Bulgular: Sealapex diğer gruplara göre anlamlı derecede düşük penetrasyon gösterdi (P < ,05). MTA Fillapex, AH Plus’a göre daha derin penetrasyon sağlamıştır (P < ,05), Uİ diğer dezenfeksiyon tekniklerine göre önemli ölçüde daha derin penetrasyon sağlamıştır (P < ,05). Tüm gruplarda koronal üçlüde, istatiksel olarak en yüksek oranda ve maksimum pat penetrasyon derinliği görülmüştür (P < ,05).
Sonuç: Kök kanal patı seçimi, irigasyon aktivasyon prosedürü ve kök kanal bölgesi dentin tübül penetrasyonu üzerine önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ultrasonik aktivasyonla birlikte uygulanan AH Plus ve MTA Fillapex ile dentn tübüllerinde daha derin pat penet- rasyonu elde edilebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Dentin tübül penetrasyon, lazer taramalı konfokal mikroskop, irigasyon aktivasyon, kök kanal tedavisi

Keywords

Dentin tubule penetration confocal laser scanning microscopy irrigation activation

References

  • 1. Bukhari S, Babaeer A. Irrigation in endodontics: A review. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2019;6(4):367-376. [CrossRef]
  • 2. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Br Dent J. 2014;216(6):299-303. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Nusstein JM. Sonic and ultrasonic irrigation. In: Endodontic Irrigation 173-197. Springer International Publishing; 2015. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Holliday R, Alani A. Traditional and contemporary techniques for opti- mizing root canal irrigation. Dent Update. 2014;41(1):51-61. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Yılmaz B, Sedat Küçükay E. Evaluating the apically extruded debris and irrigants in different nickel-titanium instrumentation and irriga- tion techniques. 2021;6:80-86.
  • 6. Romeo U, Palaia G, Nardo A, et al. Effectiveness of KTP laser versus 980nm diode laser to kill Enterococcus faecalis in biofilms developed in experimentally infected root canals. Aust Endod J. 2015;41(1): 17-23. [CrossRef]
  • 7. Sabins RA, Johnson JD, Hellstein JW. A comparison of the cleaning efficacy of short-term sonic and ultrasonic passive irrigation after hand instrumentation in molar root canals. J Endod. 2003;29(10): 674-678. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Van Der Sluis LWM, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Passive ultra- sonic irrigation of the root canal: A review of the literature. Int Endod J. 2007;40(6):415-426. [CrossRef]
  • 9. de Gregorio C, Estevez R, Cisneros R, Heilborn C, Cohenca N. Effect of EDTA, sonic, and ultrasonic activation on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into simulated lateral canals: An in vitro study. J Endod. 2009;35(6):891-895. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Akcay M, Arslan H, Durmus N, Mese M, Capar ID. Dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus, iRoot SP, MTA fillapex, and GuttaFlow bioseal root canal sealers after different final irrigation procedures: A confo- cal microscopic study. Lasers Surg Med. 2016;48(1):70-76. [CrossRef] 11. Bernardes RA, de Amorim Campelo A, Junior DS, et al. Evaluation of the flow rate of 3 endodontic sealers: Sealer 26, AH Plus, and MTA Obtura. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(1):e47-e49. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Borges ÁH, Orçati Dorileo MC, Dalla Villa R, et al. Physicochemical properties and surfaces morphologies evaluation of MTA FillApex and AH Plus. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:589732. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Da Silva EJNL, Accorsi-Mendonça T, Pedrosa AC, Granjeiro JM, Zaia AA. Long-term cytotoxicity, PH and dissolution rate of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(4):419-423. [CrossRef]
  • 14. Chang SW, Lee SY, Kang SK, Kum KY, Kim EC. In vitro biocompatibil- ity, inflammatory response, and osteogenic potential of 4 root canal sealers: Sealapex, sankin apatite root sealer, MTA Fillapex, and iroot SP root canal sealer. J Endod. 2014;40(10):1642-1648. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Peters LB, van Winkelhoff AJ, Buijs JF, Wesselink PR. Effects of instru- mentation, irrigation and dressing with calcium hydroxide on infec- tion in pulpless teeth with periapical bone lesions. Int Endod J. 2002;35(1):13-21. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Machado R, Cruz ATG, de Araujo BMM, Klemz AA, Klug HP, da Silva Neto UX. Tubular dentin sealer penetration after different final irriga- tion protocols: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(6):649-654. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Nagaoka S, Miyazaki Y, Liu HJ, Iwamoto Y, Kitano M, Kawagoe M. Bac- terial invasion into dentinal tubules of human vital and nonvital teeth. J Endod. 1995;21(2):70-73. [CrossRef] 18. Uzunoglu-Özyürek E, Erdoğan Ö, Aktemur Türker S. Effect of calcium hydroxide dressing on the dentinal tubule penetration of 2 different root canal sealers: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study. J Endod. 2018;44(6):1018-1023. [CrossRef]
  • 19. Bouillaguet S, Shaw L, Barthelemy J, Krejci I, Wataha JC. Long-term sealing ability of Pulp Canal Sealer, AH-Plus, GuttaFlow and Epiph- any. Int Endod J. 2008;41(3):219-226. [CrossRef]
  • 20. Townsend C, Maki J. An in vitro comparison of new irrigation and agitation techniques to ultrasonic agitation in removing bacteria from a simulated root canal. J Endod. 2009;35(7):1040-1043. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Küçük M, Kermeoğlu F. Efficacy of different irrigation methods on dentinal tubule penetration of chlorhexidine, QMix and Irritrol: A con- focal laser scanning microscopy study. Aust Endod J. 2019;45(2): 202-208. [CrossRef]
  • 22. de Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-activated irrigation within root canals: Cleaning effi- cacy and flow visualization. Int Endod J. 2009;42(12):1077-1083. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Shahriari S, Kasraei S, Roshanaei G, Karkeabadi H, Davanloo H. Effi- cacy of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser in intracanal smear layer removal: An SEM study. J Lasers Med Sci. 2017;8(1):36-41. [CrossRef]
  • 24. Moritz A, Doertbudak O, Gutknecht N, Goharkhay K, Schoop U, Sperr W. Nd:YAG laser irradiation of infected root canals in combina- tion with microbiological examinations. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128(11):1525-1530. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Kuştarci A, Sümer Z, Altunbaş D, Koşum S. Bactericidal effect of KTP laser irradiation against Enterococcus faecalis compared with gase- ous ozone: An ex vivo study. Oral Surg, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2009;107:73-79.
  • 26. Martin H, Cunningham W. Endosonics--the ultrasonic synergistic system of endodontics. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1(6):201-206. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Galler KM, Grubmüller V, Schlichting R, et al. Penetration depth of irrigants into root dentine after sonic, ultrasonic and photoacoustic activation. Int Endod J. 2019;52(8):1210-1217. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Özlek E, Neelakantan P, Akkol E, Gündüz H, Uçar AY, Belli S. Dentinal tubule penetration and dislocation resistance of a new bioactive root canal sealer following root canal medicament removal using sonic agitation or laser-activated irrigation. Eur Endod J. 2020;5(3): 264-270. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Keskin G, Çiloğlu M. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation on dentinal tubule penetra- tion of MTA-based root canal sealer: A confocal microscopy study. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2021;36:102584. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Nikhil V, Singh R. Confocal laser scanning microscopic investigation of ultrasonic, sonic, and rotary sealer placement techniques. J Con- serv Dent. 2013;16(4):294-299. [CrossRef] 31. El Hachem R, Khalil I, Le Brun G, et al. Dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus, BC Sealer and a novel tricalcium silicate sealer: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(4): 1871-1876. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Gu Y, Perinpanayagam H, Kum DJ, et al. Effect of different agitation techniques on the penetration of irrigant and sealer into dentinal tubules. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017;35(2):71-77. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Peterson DA. Confocal microscopy. Encycl. Mov Disord. 2010;250-252. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Amoroso-Silva PA, Guimarães BM, Marciano MA, et al. Microscopic analysis of the quality of obturation and physical properties of MTA Fillapex. Microsc Res Tech. 2014;77(12):1031-1036. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Kok D, Rosa RA, Barreto MS, et al. Penetrability of AH Plus and MTA fillapex after endodontic treatment and retreatment: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech. 2014;77(6): 467-471. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Sönmez IS, Oba AA, Sönmez D, Almaz ME. In vitro evaluation of apical microleakage of a new MTA-based sealer. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(5):252-255. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Silva EJ, Rosa TP, Herrera DR, Jacinto RC, Gomes BP, Zaia AA. Evalu- ation of cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of calcium sili- cate-based endodontic sealer MTA Fillapex. J Endod. 2013;39(2): 274-277. [CrossRef]
  • 38. Shakya VK, Gupta P, Tikku AP, et al. An invitro evaluation of antimi- crobial efficacy and flow characteristics for AH Plus, MTA fillapex, CRCS and gutta flow 2 root canal sealer. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(8): ZC104-ZC108. [CrossRef]
  • 39. Yücel AC, Güler E, Güler AU, Ertaş E. Bacterial penetration after obtu- ration with four different root canal sealers. J Endod. 2006;32(9): 890-893. [CrossRef]
  • 40. Moon YM, Kim HC, Bae KS, Baek SH, Shon WJ, Lee W. Effect of laser-activated irrigation of 1320-nanometer Nd:YAG laser on sealer penetration in curved root canals. J Endod. 2012;38(4):531-535. [CrossRef]
  • 41. Kara Tuncer A, Tuncer S. Effect of different final irrigation solutions on dentinal tubule penetration depth and percentage of root canal sealer. J Endod. 2012;38(6):860-863. [CrossRef]
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Endodontics, Restorative Dentistry
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Recai Zan This is me

Kerem Engin Akpınar This is me

Hüseyin Sinan Topcuoğlu This is me

İhsan Hubbezoğlu This is me

Arzu Şeyma Demir This is me

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Submission Date November 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 33 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Zan R, Akpınar KE, Topcuoğlu HS, Hubbezoğlu İ, Demir AŞ. Assessment of dentinal tubule penetration of AH plus, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex after various disinfection procedures: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study. Curr Res Dent Sci. January 2023;33(1):20-26. doi:10.5152/crds.2022.6238
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