Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma

Kyung-Wook Kim; Se-Jin Han; Kyu-Seob Roh

doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2010.36.1.1

Journal List > J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg > v.36(1) > 1032372

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Kim, Han, and Roh: Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma

Original Article

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;36(1):1-6.

Published online: 15 January 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2010.36.1.1

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression in the oral squamous cell carcinoma

Kyung-Wook Kim, Se-Jin Han, Kyu-Seob Roh

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University

Kyung-Wook Kim Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University 29 Anseodong, Choenan, Chungnam, 330-714, Korea Tel: +82-41-550-1991~3 Fax: +82-41-551-8988 E-mail: kkwoms@dku.edu

Received 5 November 2009 Revised 15 December 2009 Accepted 7 January 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

Chemokines are structurally related, small polypeptide signaling molecules that bind to and activate a family of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, the chemokine receptors. Recently, interaction between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), has been found to play an important role in tumorigenicity, proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis in many cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma.

Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the correlation of clinicopathological factors and the up-regulation of SDF-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Material and methods

We studied the immunohistochemical staining of SDF-1, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of SDF-1 gene in 20 specimens of 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Results

1. In the immunohistochemical study of poor differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, the high level staining of SDF-1 was observed. And the correlation between immunohistochemical SDF-1 expression and tumor nodes metastases (TNM) classification of specimens was significant.(x² test, P < 0.05)

2. In the SDF-1 gene qRT-PCR analysis, SDF-1 expression was more in tumor tissue than in carcinoma in situ tissue. Paired-samples analysis determined the difference of SDF-1 mRNA expression level between the cancer tissue and the carcinoma in situ tissue.(Student's t-test, P < 0.05)

Conclusion

These findings suggest that up-regulation of the SDF-1 may play a role in progression and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Keywords: Chemokine, Chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1), Oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Fig. 1.

Immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 of normal oral tissue.(×400)

Fig. 2.

Immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 of oral carcinoma in situ.(×400)

Fig. 3.

Immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 of moderate differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma.(×400)

Fig. 4.

Immunohistochemical staining for SDF-1 of poor differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma.(×400) (SDF-1: stromal cell-derived factor-1)

Table 1.

The correlation between immunohistochemica SDF-1 expression and clinical and pathological factors.

Variable	Case (n)	SDF-1 positive expression
Variable	Case (n)	n (%)	x²	P
Sex
Male	11	5 (45.5%)	0.303	0.582
Female	9	3 (33.3%)
Age
60 ≤	5	1 (20.0%)	1.111	0.292
60 >	15	7 (46.7%)
Histological differentiation
Well	13	4 (30.8%)	1.319	0.251
Moderate/Poor	7	4 (57.1%)
Tumor size
T1/T2	11	2 (18.2%)	4.848	0.028*
T3/T4	9	6 (66.7%)
Nodal status
N (-)	11	2 (18.2%)	4.848	0.028*
N (+)	9	6 (66.7%)
Metastasis
M (-)	17	5 (29.4%)	5.294	0.021*
M (+)	3	3 (100%)
TNM stage
I/II	8	1 (12.5%)	4.201	0.040*
III/IV	12	7 (58.3%)

n = number of patients, P = P value * x

² test, significance P < 0.05 (SDF-1: stromal cell-derived factor-1)

Table 2.

Relationship between relative levels of SDF-1 mRNA (SDF-1/GAPDH) and clinical and pathological factors.

Variables	No.	SDF-1 mRNAa (mean ± SD)	P value
Sex
Male	11	1.3822 ± 0.2202	0.37
Female	9	1.2422 ± 0.2934
Stage
I-II	8	1.2050 ± 0.2290	0.302
III-IV	12	1.2163 ± 0.2637
Tumor status
T1	11	1.1978 ± 0.1900	0.249
T2-4	9	1.3622 ± 0.3307
Lymph node status
N0	11	1.2356 ± 0.2330	0.155
N1-3	9	1.3944 ± 0.3956
Metastasis status
M0	17	1.1833 ± 0.1418	0.927
M1	3	1.5433 ± 0.1594
Tissue
Oral squamous CA	20	1.2855 ± 0.2742	0.000*
Carcinoma in situ	20	0.2440 ± 0.1277

a: SDF-1 mRNA expression derived from real-time quantitative RT-PCR * P value derived from Student’ s t test (GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)

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