Epidemiology and Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Sang-Oh Lee; Jun Hee Woo

doi:10.5124/jkma.2007.50.10.860

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Lee and Woo: Epidemiology and Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Focused Issue of This Month

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Journal of the Korean Medical Association

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2007; 50(10): 860-867.

Published online: 31 October 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2007.50.10.860

Epidemiology and Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Sang-Oh Lee, MD, Jun Hee Woo, MD

Division of Infectious Diseases, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Korea. junheewoo@amc.seoul.kr

Abstract

Pneumonia is the 12th leading cause of death among Korean population in 2005. In spite of sophisticated diagnostic assessments and treatment techniques, the management of the pneumonia is still challenging. Furthermore, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms poses difficulties to the selection of optimal antimicrobial agents. The empirical antibiotic regimen for the community-acquired pneumonia is based on the epidemiologic characteristics of the causative pathogens, for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus after influenza outbreak, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases. The most important and frequent etiologic organism is S. pneumonia according to a prospective multicenter study by investigators including the author, followed by K. pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and M. pneumoniae in decreasing order. Still we need a nation-wide surveillance system of the community-acquired pneumonia because we are not certain about the etiology in almost half the cases of community-acquired pneumonia.

Keywords: Community acquired pneumonia, Epidemiology, Etiology, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Epidemiologic characteristics of pathogens of CAP

CAP, Community-acguired pneumonia

Table 2

Severe CAP

Table 3

Clues to the etiology of pneumonia from the medical history and physical examination findings

HCW, health care worker; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus

Table 4

Etiology of community acquired pneumonia

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