Journal Home > Volume 10 , Issue 2
Nano Biomedicine and Engineering 2018, 10(2): 97-103 https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v10i2.p97-103
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 23 April 2018

Association between Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Staphylococcus Lentus Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Patients

Show Author's Information Ibtisam Habeeb Al-Azawi1,  Adnan Hamad Al-Hamadani1,  Shaimaa Obaid Hasson2( )
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary, Al-Qassim Green University, Iraq
Keywords:
Biofilm, Staphylococcus lentus, icaA gene, Antibiotics resistance, Urinary catheterized patients
Cite this article:
Al-Azawi IH, Al-Hamadani AH, Hasson SO. Association between Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Staphylococcus Lentus Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Patients. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2018, 10(2): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v10i2.p97-103
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

908

Views

174

Downloads

Citations

2

Crossref

N/A

WoS

8

Scopus

N/A

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Staphylococcus lentus (S. lentus) is a coagulase negative gram positive cocci recognized as opportunistic pathogens and rarely forming biofilm; it has many virulence factors, but recently caused nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus lentus may be associated with the ability to resist antibiotics which leads to increase in mortality rate due to the difficulty in eradicate infections. To evaluate the biofilm forming capacity of Staphylococcus lentus and its susceptibility to antibiotics, phenotypic and genotypic assays were used. Among 28 biofilm bacteria, Staphylococcus lentus was isolated and identified from urine catheterized patients who were hospitalized in different departments of four Iraqi hospitals (Al-Diwaniyah Teaching, Al-Hilla Teaching, Al Qassim and Al Hashimiyah Hospitals). Staphylococcus lentus was examined for detection of biofilm formation by detecting icaA gene, the intercellular adhesion gene which expressed adhesion factor to form biofilm in staphylococci by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method and VITEK2 system according to guidelines of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Three isolates of Staphylococcus lentus revealed the ability to form biofilm phenotypically which contained icaA gene with 100% antibiotics resistance to penicillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, oxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and 0% antibiotics resistance to azithromycin. icaA genes are present in Staphylococcus lentus and responsible for biofilm formation which is considered as the indicator; biofilm formation is a strong cause of multidrug resistance in bacteria.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Association between Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Staphylococcus Lentus Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Patients

Show Author's information Ibtisam Habeeb Al-Azawi1, Adnan Hamad Al-Hamadani1, Shaimaa Obaid Hasson2( )
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary, Al-Qassim Green University, Iraq

Abstract

Staphylococcus lentus (S. lentus) is a coagulase negative gram positive cocci recognized as opportunistic pathogens and rarely forming biofilm; it has many virulence factors, but recently caused nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus lentus may be associated with the ability to resist antibiotics which leads to increase in mortality rate due to the difficulty in eradicate infections. To evaluate the biofilm forming capacity of Staphylococcus lentus and its susceptibility to antibiotics, phenotypic and genotypic assays were used. Among 28 biofilm bacteria, Staphylococcus lentus was isolated and identified from urine catheterized patients who were hospitalized in different departments of four Iraqi hospitals (Al-Diwaniyah Teaching, Al-Hilla Teaching, Al Qassim and Al Hashimiyah Hospitals). Staphylococcus lentus was examined for detection of biofilm formation by detecting icaA gene, the intercellular adhesion gene which expressed adhesion factor to form biofilm in staphylococci by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method and VITEK2 system according to guidelines of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Three isolates of Staphylococcus lentus revealed the ability to form biofilm phenotypically which contained icaA gene with 100% antibiotics resistance to penicillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, oxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and 0% antibiotics resistance to azithromycin. icaA genes are present in Staphylococcus lentus and responsible for biofilm formation which is considered as the indicator; biofilm formation is a strong cause of multidrug resistance in bacteria.

Keywords: Biofilm, Staphylococcus lentus, icaA gene, Antibiotics resistance, Urinary catheterized patients

References(36)

[1]

S. Stepanovic, P. Ježek, D. Vukovic, et al., Isolation of members of the Staphylococcus sciuri group from urine and their relationship to urinary tract infections. J. Clin. Microbiol, 2003, 41: 5262-5264.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

F. Koksal, H. Yasar, and M. Samasti, Antibiotic resistance patterns of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains isolated from blood cultures of septicemic patients in Turkey. Microbial. Res, 2009, 164: 404-410.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

N. Nagase, A. Sasaki, K. Yamashita, et al., Isolation and species distribution of staphylococci from animal and human skin. J. Vet. Med. Sci, 2002, 64: 245-250.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

O. Aspevall, H. Hallander, V. Gant, et al., European guidelines for urinalysis: A collaborative document produced by European clinical microbiologists and clinical chemists under ECLM in collaboration with ESCMID. Clin. Microbiol. Infect, 2001, 7: 173-178.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

B. Guirguitzova, D. Chankova, and B. Zozikov, Staphylococci as uropathogens - frequency of isolation in hospitalized patients and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. Ann. Urol. (Paris), 2002, 36: 341-347.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

A. Al-Hamadani, A. Al-Bideri, and W. Al-Janabi, Isolation and Identification of bacteria from patients with transitional cells carcinoma of urinary bladder. QMJ, 2001: 7: 11.
Google Scholar
[7]

R. M. Donlan, Biofilms. Microbial life on surfaces. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2002, 8: 881.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]

N. Høiby, O. Ciofu, H. Johansen, et al., The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms. Int J Oral Sci, 2011, 3: 55-65.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]

J. Denstedt, T. Wollin, and G. Reid, Biomaterials used in urology: current issues of biocompatibility, infection, and encrustation. J Endourol, 1998, 12: 493-500.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

L. Hall-Stoodley, J. W. Costerton, and P. Stoodley, Bacterial biofims: From the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2004, 2(2): 95-108.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]
WHO, Antimicrobial resistance: Global report on surveillance 2014. World Health Organization, 2014: 1-257.
[12]

S. Golia, S. Asha, and B. Kamath, A study of biofilm production in clinical isolates of Staphylococci at a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore. Int J Res Med Sci, 2015, 3(2): 470-474.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

S. Bakir, F. Ali, Comparison of different methods for detection of biofilm production in multi-drug resistance bacteria causing pharyngotonsillitis. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences, 2016, 3(2): 13-22.
Google Scholar
[14]

M. Mohammed, M. Rasheed, and M. Nadeer, Detection of biofilm- associated genes in clinical staphylococcus aureus isolated from Iraqi patients. I.J.S.N. , 2015, 6(1): 19-22.
Google Scholar
[15]
B. Forbes, D. Sahm, and A. Weissfeld, Bailey and Scotts' diagnostic microbiology, 12th ed. Elsevier, 2007.
[16]

D.J. Freeman, F.R. Falkiner and C.T. Keane, New method for detecting slime production by coagulase negative staphylococci. J Clin Pathol, 1989, 42: 872-874.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]

G. Christensen, W. Simpson, and J. Younger, Adherence of coagulase-negative Staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of Staphylococci to medical device. Journal Clinical Microbiology, 1985, 22(6): 996-1006.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]

A. Baur, W. Kirby, J. Sherris, et al., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single dick method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , 1966, 45: 493-496.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]
CLSI, Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. M100, 27th ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2017.
[20]

S. Stepanovic, V. Dimitrijevic, and D. Vukovic, Staphylococcus sciuri as a part of skin, nasal and oral flora in healthy dogs. Vet. Microbiol, 2001, 82: 177-185.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

G. Gad, M. El-Feky, and M. El-Rehewy, Detection of icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from urinary tract catheterized patients. J Infect Dev Ctries, 2009, 3(5): 342-351.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

S. Bose, M. Khodke, and S. Basak, Detection of biofilm producing staphylococci: need of the hour. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2009, 3: 1915-1920.
Google Scholar
[23]

D. Stickler, Bacterial biofilms in patients with indwelling urinary catheters, nature clinical practice. UROLOGY, 2008, 5: 11.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

C. Arciola, L. Baldassarri, and L. Montanaro, Presence of icaA and icaD genes and slime production in a collection of staphylococcal strains from catheter-associated infections. J Clin Microbiol, 2001, 39: 2151-2156.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

R. Yazdani, M. Oshaghi, and A. Havayi, Detection of icaAD gene and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wound infections. Iranian J Publ Health, 2006, 35: 25-28.
Google Scholar
[26]
C. Heilmann, Molecular basis of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. M. Wilson, D. Devine, Eds., Medical implications of biofilms. Cambridge University Press, 2003: 110–135.
DOI
[27]

L. Montanaro, C. Arciola, and E. Borsetti, A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the identification of collagen adhesin gene (cna) in Staphylococcus-induced prosthesis infections. New Microbiol, 1998, 21: 359-363.
Google Scholar
[28]

J. O'Gara, H. Humphreys, Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: importance and implications. Journal of Medical microbiology, 2001, 50: 582-587.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

J. del Pozo, R. Patel, The challenge of treating biofilm associated bacterial infections. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther, 2007, 82: 204-209.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

F. Corona, J. L. Martinez, Phenotypic resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotics, 2013, 2: 237-255.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]

K. Smith, L. Hunter, Efficacy of common hospital biocides with biofilms of MDR clinical isolates. J Med Microbiol, 2008, 57: 966-973.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]

J. Parra-Ruiz, C. Vidaillac, and M. Rybak, Macrolides and staphylococcal biofilms. Rev Esp Quimioter, 2012, 25(1): 10-16.
Google Scholar
[33]

Q. Wang, F. Sun, and Y. Liu, Enhancement of biofim formation by subinhibitory concentrations of macrolides in icaADBC positive and -negative clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2010, 54: 2707-2711.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]

I. Al-Azawi, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and mecA gene detection in methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from burn and wound in Al-Diwaniya city. Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences, 2013, 3(21).
Google Scholar
[35]

K. Cihalova, D. Chudobova, and P. Michalek, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Growth and Biofilm Formation after Treatment with Antibiotics and SeNPs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2015, 16: 10.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]

A. Corbin, B. Pitts, and A. Parker, Antimicrobial penetration and efficacy in an in vitro oral biofilm model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 2011, 55(7): 3338-3344.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 04 March 2018
Accepted: 08 April 2018
Published: 23 April 2018
Issue date: June 2018

Copyright

© Ibtisam Habeeb Al-Azawi, Adnan Hamad Al-Hamadani, and Shaimaa Obaid Hasson.

Rights and permissions

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Return