Araştırma Makalesi
Covid-19 Korkusunun Online Alışveriş Tutumu ve Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisinde Ölüm Kaygısının Aracılık Rolü
Öz
Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte yaşanılan kapanma süreçleri, izolasyon, sosyal mesafe ve artan vaka sayıları ile ölüm oranları bireylerin ölüm kaygısını daha fazla hissetmelerine neden olmuştur. Ölüm kaygısı, bireylerin yaşamlarının sona ereceğine yönelik olarak yaşamış oldukları korku hissini ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma da Covid-19 korkusunun online alışveriş tutumu ve satın alma niyetine etkisinde ölüm kaygısının aracılık rolü test edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla online alışveriş deneyimine sahip 305 katılımcı ile çevrimiçi anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Liste tabanlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak katılımcılara ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen verileri analiz etmek için birçok farklı istatistiksel analiz kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek için faktör analizi yapılırken, ölçeklerin güvenirliğini belirlemek için güvenirlik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma hipotezlerinin test edilmesinde ise basit doğrusal regresyon analizinden, aracılık rollerinin test edilmesinde ise process macro analiznden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Covid-19 korkusunun ölüm kaygısı üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmuştur. Ölüm kaygısının da online alışveriş tutumu ve satın alma niyeti üzerinde olumlu ve anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmuştur. Covid-19 korkusunun online alışveriş tutumu ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde ise ölüm kaygısının aracılık rolüne sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak tüketicilerin online alışveriş tutumları ve niyetlerini etkilemede Covid-19 korkusunun etkisi ve ölüm kaygısının da aracılık rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçların hem alan yazındaki yeni çalışmalara hem de uygulayıcılara katkı sunacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Addo, P. C., Jiaming, F., Kulbo, N. B., & Liangqiang, L. (2020). COVID-19: Fear appeal favoring purchase behavior towards personal protective equipment. The Service Industries Journal, 40 (7–8), 471–490.
- Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9.
- Alessa, A.A.; Alotaibie, T.M.; Elmoez, Z.; Alhamad, H.E. (202). Impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship and consumer behaviour: A case study in Saudi Arabia. J. Asian Financ. Econ. Bus, 8, 201–210.
- Ajzen, I., (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179 – 211.
- Amaro, S., & Duarte, P. (2015). An integrative model of consumers' intentions to purchase travel online. Tourism Management, 46, 64-79. Bekker, H.L.; Legare, F.; Stacey, D.; O’Connor, A.; Lemyre, L. (2003). Is anxiety a suitable measure of decision aid effectiveness: a systematic review? patient educ. Couns., 50, 255–262
- Bigne-Alcaniz, E., Ruiz-Mafe, C., Aldas-Manzano, J., & Sanz-Blas, S. (2008). Influence of online shopping information dependency and innovativeness on internet shopping adoption. Online Information Review, 32(5), 648-667.
- Birgit, M., Tak, L. M., Rosmalen, J. G. & Voshaar, R. C. O. (2018). Death Anxiety and its association with hypochondriasis and medically unexplained symptoms: a systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 58–65.
- Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of covid-19 scale: psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the israeli population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113100.
- Chen, Y. M., Hsu, T. H., & Lu, Y. J. (2018). Impact of flow on mobile shopping intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 281-287.
- Chiu, Y. Bin, Lin, C. P., & Tang, L. L. (2005). Gender differs: Assessing a Model of Online Purchase Intentions in e-tail Service. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 16(5), 416–435.
- Çelik Z. ve Kabak A. (2021). The Mediating Role of Death Anxiety on the Effect of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Fear on Attitude Towards Online Store and Physical Store Shopping, 2nd International 5 Ocak Congress on Social Sciences and Humanities, Adana-Turkey.
- de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. (2008). The processing of fear‐arousing communications: how biased processing leads to persuasion. Social Influence, 3(2), 84-113
- Delafrooz, N., Paim, L. H., & Khatibi, A. (2011). Understanding consumers internet purchase intention in malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 5(7), 2837-2846.
- Erciş, A., Kotan, G. & Türk, B. (2016). Ölüm kaygısının tüketici tutumları üzerindeki etkileri. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 23(1). 107-134.
- Ferraro, R.; Shiv, B.; Bettman, J.R. (2005). Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die: effects of mortality salience and self-esteem on self-regulation in consumer choice. J. Consum. Res. 32, 65–75. [CrossRef]
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, attitude, ıntention, and behavior: an ıntroduction to theory and research. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 10(2). Fricker, R. D. (2008). Sampling methods for web and e-mail surveys. the sage handbook of online research methods. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
- Furer, P., Walker, J. R., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Treating health anxiety and fear of death: a practitioner’s guide. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., & Menzies, R. E. (2014). Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 580–593.
- Iyer, G. R., Blut, M., Xiao, S. H., & Grewal, D. (2020). Impulse buying: a meta-analytic review. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48 (3), 384–404.
- Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2020). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the covıd-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 19(5), 1875-1888.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach (second edition). New York, London: The Guilford Press.
- Hick, J. (1990). The changing sociology of death (çev. turan koç). Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Ilahiyat, 7, 235-249.
- Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., Uğuz, F., & Türkmen, O. O. (2020). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived covid-19 threat and death anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(Supp: 1), 15-23.
- Laros, F. J. M., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. M. (2005). Emotions in consumer behavior: a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 58(10), 1437–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003. 09.013.
- Lázaro-Pérez, C.; Martínez-López, J.Á.; Gómez-Galán, J.; López-Meneses, E.(2020). Anxiety about the risk of death of their patients in health professionals in spain: analysis at the peak of the covid-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17, 5938.
- Liu, H., Chu, H., Huang, Q., & Chen, X. (2016). Enhancing the Flow Experience of Consumers in China Through Interpersonal Interaction in Social Commerce. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 306-314.
- Loxton, M., Truskett, R., Scarf, B., Sindone, L., Baldry, G., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Consumer Behaviour During Crises: Preliminary Research On How Coronavirus Has Manifested Consumer Panic Buying, Herd Mentality, Changing Discretionary Spending and The Role of the Media in Influencing Behaviour. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(8), 166.
- Martínez-López, J.Á.; Lázaro-Pérez, C.; Gómez-Galán, J.; Fernández-Martínez, M.M.(2020). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain. J. Clin. Med., 9, 3029.
- Mcdaniel, S. W., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1984). The Effect of Fear on Purchase Intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 1(3–4), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220010308
- Menzies, R. E., & Menzies, R. G. (2020). Death Anxiety in the time of COVID-19: Theoretical Explanations and Clinical Implications. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13.
- Nabi, R. L., & Myrick, J. G. (2019). Uplifting Fear Appeals: Considering the Role of Hope in Fear-Based Persuasive Messages. Health Communication, 34(4), 463–474
- Özgüç, S., Kaplan Serin, E., & Tanriverdi, D. (2021). Death Anxiety Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 00302228211050503.
- Rani, S., & Tripathy, M. (2021). Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Level of Death Anxiety of an Individual. International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies. 3(6), 77-81.
- Rizwan, M., Umair, S. M., Bilal, H. M., Akhtar, M., & Bhatti, M. S. (2014). Determinants of Customer Intentions for Online Shopping: A Study from Pakistan. Journal of Sociological Research, 5(1), 248-272.
- Salisbury, W.D., Pearson, R.A., Pearson, A.W. and Miller, D.W. (2001). Perceived Security and World Wide Web Purchase Intention, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 101, No. 4, pp.165–177.
- Sarıkaya, Y., & Baloğlu, M. (2016). The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Death Studies, 40(7), 419-431.
- Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological Inflexibility and Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderate the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mental Health Outcomes During Covid-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioural Sciences, 18, 162–174.
- Şimşir, Z., Koç, H., Seki, T., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The Relationship Between Fear of Covid-19 And Mental Health Problems: A Meta-Analysis. Death Studies, 46(3), 515-523.
- Xiao, S.H. ve Nicholson, M. A (2013). Multidisciplinary Cognitive Behavioural Framework of Impulse Buying: A Systematic Review of the Literature: Multidisciplinary Framework of Impulse Buying. Int. J. Manag. Rev., 15, 333–356. [CrossRef]
- Wu SI (2003). The Relationship Between Consumer Characteristics and Attitude Toward Online Shopping. Mark. Intel. Plan., 21(1):37-44 World Health Organization. (2022, 11 Mayıs). COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update.
- https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
- Yu T, Wu G (2007). Determinants Of İnternet Shopping Behavior: An Application Of Reasoned Behaviour Theory. Int. J. Manage., 24(4):744.
The Mediating Role of Death Anxiety in the Effect of Covid-19 Fear on Online Shopping Attitude and Purchase Intention
Öz
Individuals have experienced increased death anxiety as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic's closure processes, isolation, social distance, and an increasing number of cases and mortality rates. The fear that one's life is coming to an end is referred to as death anxiety. In this study, it was tried to test the mediating role of death anxiety in the effect of fear of Covid-19 on online shopping attitude and purchase intention. An online survey with 305 individuals having online buying experience was undertaken for this aim. Participants were reached using the list-based sampling method. Many different statistical analyzes were used to analyze the obtained data. The scales' construct validity was determined using factor analysis, and their reliability was determined using reliability analysis. Simple linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses, and process macro analysis was used to test the mediation roles. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the fear of Covid-19 had a positive and significant effect on death anxiety. Death anxiety has been shown to have a positive and significant impact on internet shopping attitude and intention. It was concluded that death anxiety had a mediating role in the effect of fear of Covid-19 on online shopping attitude and online shopping intention. As a result, it has been determined that the fear of Covid-19 and death anxiety have a mediating role in affecting consumers' online shopping attitudes and intentions. These findings are expected to benefit both new studies in the literature and practitioners.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Addo, P. C., Jiaming, F., Kulbo, N. B., & Liangqiang, L. (2020). COVID-19: Fear appeal favoring purchase behavior towards personal protective equipment. The Service Industries Journal, 40 (7–8), 471–490.
- Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9.
- Alessa, A.A.; Alotaibie, T.M.; Elmoez, Z.; Alhamad, H.E. (202). Impact of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship and consumer behaviour: A case study in Saudi Arabia. J. Asian Financ. Econ. Bus, 8, 201–210.
- Ajzen, I., (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179 – 211.
- Amaro, S., & Duarte, P. (2015). An integrative model of consumers' intentions to purchase travel online. Tourism Management, 46, 64-79. Bekker, H.L.; Legare, F.; Stacey, D.; O’Connor, A.; Lemyre, L. (2003). Is anxiety a suitable measure of decision aid effectiveness: a systematic review? patient educ. Couns., 50, 255–262
- Bigne-Alcaniz, E., Ruiz-Mafe, C., Aldas-Manzano, J., & Sanz-Blas, S. (2008). Influence of online shopping information dependency and innovativeness on internet shopping adoption. Online Information Review, 32(5), 648-667.
- Birgit, M., Tak, L. M., Rosmalen, J. G. & Voshaar, R. C. O. (2018). Death Anxiety and its association with hypochondriasis and medically unexplained symptoms: a systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 115, 58–65.
- Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of covid-19 scale: psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the israeli population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113100.
- Chen, Y. M., Hsu, T. H., & Lu, Y. J. (2018). Impact of flow on mobile shopping intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 281-287.
- Chiu, Y. Bin, Lin, C. P., & Tang, L. L. (2005). Gender differs: Assessing a Model of Online Purchase Intentions in e-tail Service. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 16(5), 416–435.
- Çelik Z. ve Kabak A. (2021). The Mediating Role of Death Anxiety on the Effect of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Fear on Attitude Towards Online Store and Physical Store Shopping, 2nd International 5 Ocak Congress on Social Sciences and Humanities, Adana-Turkey.
- de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. (2008). The processing of fear‐arousing communications: how biased processing leads to persuasion. Social Influence, 3(2), 84-113
- Delafrooz, N., Paim, L. H., & Khatibi, A. (2011). Understanding consumers internet purchase intention in malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 5(7), 2837-2846.
- Erciş, A., Kotan, G. & Türk, B. (2016). Ölüm kaygısının tüketici tutumları üzerindeki etkileri. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 23(1). 107-134.
- Ferraro, R.; Shiv, B.; Bettman, J.R. (2005). Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die: effects of mortality salience and self-esteem on self-regulation in consumer choice. J. Consum. Res. 32, 65–75. [CrossRef]
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, attitude, ıntention, and behavior: an ıntroduction to theory and research. Philosophy and Rhetoric, 10(2). Fricker, R. D. (2008). Sampling methods for web and e-mail surveys. the sage handbook of online research methods. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
- Furer, P., Walker, J. R., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Treating health anxiety and fear of death: a practitioner’s guide. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., & Menzies, R. E. (2014). Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 580–593.
- Iyer, G. R., Blut, M., Xiao, S. H., & Grewal, D. (2020). Impulse buying: a meta-analytic review. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48 (3), 384–404.
- Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., & Latzman, R. D. (2020). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the covıd-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 19(5), 1875-1888.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach (second edition). New York, London: The Guilford Press.
- Hick, J. (1990). The changing sociology of death (çev. turan koç). Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Ilahiyat, 7, 235-249.
- Kavaklı, M., Ak, M., Uğuz, F., & Türkmen, O. O. (2020). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived covid-19 threat and death anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(Supp: 1), 15-23.
- Laros, F. J. M., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. M. (2005). Emotions in consumer behavior: a hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research, 58(10), 1437–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003. 09.013.
- Lázaro-Pérez, C.; Martínez-López, J.Á.; Gómez-Galán, J.; López-Meneses, E.(2020). Anxiety about the risk of death of their patients in health professionals in spain: analysis at the peak of the covid-19 pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17, 5938.
- Liu, H., Chu, H., Huang, Q., & Chen, X. (2016). Enhancing the Flow Experience of Consumers in China Through Interpersonal Interaction in Social Commerce. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 306-314.
- Loxton, M., Truskett, R., Scarf, B., Sindone, L., Baldry, G., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Consumer Behaviour During Crises: Preliminary Research On How Coronavirus Has Manifested Consumer Panic Buying, Herd Mentality, Changing Discretionary Spending and The Role of the Media in Influencing Behaviour. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(8), 166.
- Martínez-López, J.Á.; Lázaro-Pérez, C.; Gómez-Galán, J.; Fernández-Martínez, M.M.(2020). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Health Professionals: Burnout Incidence at the Most Critical Period in Spain. J. Clin. Med., 9, 3029.
- Mcdaniel, S. W., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1984). The Effect of Fear on Purchase Intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 1(3–4), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220010308
- Menzies, R. E., & Menzies, R. G. (2020). Death Anxiety in the time of COVID-19: Theoretical Explanations and Clinical Implications. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13.
- Nabi, R. L., & Myrick, J. G. (2019). Uplifting Fear Appeals: Considering the Role of Hope in Fear-Based Persuasive Messages. Health Communication, 34(4), 463–474
- Özgüç, S., Kaplan Serin, E., & Tanriverdi, D. (2021). Death Anxiety Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 00302228211050503.
- Rani, S., & Tripathy, M. (2021). Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Level of Death Anxiety of an Individual. International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies. 3(6), 77-81.
- Rizwan, M., Umair, S. M., Bilal, H. M., Akhtar, M., & Bhatti, M. S. (2014). Determinants of Customer Intentions for Online Shopping: A Study from Pakistan. Journal of Sociological Research, 5(1), 248-272.
- Salisbury, W.D., Pearson, R.A., Pearson, A.W. and Miller, D.W. (2001). Perceived Security and World Wide Web Purchase Intention, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 101, No. 4, pp.165–177.
- Sarıkaya, Y., & Baloğlu, M. (2016). The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Death Studies, 40(7), 419-431.
- Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020). Psychological Inflexibility and Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderate the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mental Health Outcomes During Covid-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioural Sciences, 18, 162–174.
- Şimşir, Z., Koç, H., Seki, T., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The Relationship Between Fear of Covid-19 And Mental Health Problems: A Meta-Analysis. Death Studies, 46(3), 515-523.
- Xiao, S.H. ve Nicholson, M. A (2013). Multidisciplinary Cognitive Behavioural Framework of Impulse Buying: A Systematic Review of the Literature: Multidisciplinary Framework of Impulse Buying. Int. J. Manag. Rev., 15, 333–356. [CrossRef]
- Wu SI (2003). The Relationship Between Consumer Characteristics and Attitude Toward Online Shopping. Mark. Intel. Plan., 21(1):37-44 World Health Organization. (2022, 11 Mayıs). COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update.
- https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
- Yu T, Wu G (2007). Determinants Of İnternet Shopping Behavior: An Application Of Reasoned Behaviour Theory. Int. J. Manage., 24(4):744.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İşletme |
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Eylül 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Ağustos 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 |
