Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2288-3886
eISSN 2288-3959
    Korean J Nutr. 2013 Apr;46(2):109-118. Korean.
    Published online Apr 30, 2013.
    https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2013.46.2.109
    © 2013 The Korean Nutrition Society
    Original Article

    Dietary effect of royal jelly supplementation on epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins, free amino acids and the related enzyme expression in UV irradiated hairless mice

    Jihyun Min,1 Yunju Lee,1 Sang-Mi Han,2 and Yunhi Choi1
      • 1Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
      • 2Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon 441-100, Korea.
    • To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Email: choyunhi@khu.ac.kr )
    Received December 13, 2012; Revised March 12, 2013; Accepted April 04, 2013.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation reduces epidermal hydration, which is paralleled by the reduction of natural moisturizing factors (NMFs). Of various NMFs, free amino acids (AAs) are major constituents generated by filaggrin degradation. In this study, we attempted to determine whether dietary supplementation of royal jelly (RJ) in UV-irradiated mice can alters epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins, and free AAs as well as of peptidylarginine deiminase-3 (PAD3), an enzyme involved in filaggrin degradation processes. Albino hairless mice were fed either a control diet (group UV+: UV irradiated control) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from different areas in Korea (groups RJ1, RJ2, and RJ3) or imported from China (group RJ4) for six weeks in parallel with UV irradiation. A normal control group (group UV-) was fed a control diet without UV irradiation for six weeks. Reduced epidermal levels of hydration, total filaggrins, and PAD3 were observed in group UV+; in group RJ1, these levels were increased to a level similar to that of group UV-. In addition, profilaggrins, two repeat intermediates (2RI), a precursor with two filaggrin repeats, and filaggrin were increased. Although no alteration of AAs was observed in any of the groups, and glutamate and serine, major AAs of NMF in group RJ1 were higher than in group UV+. Despite the increased levels of PAD3, epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins, glutamate, and serine in groups RJ2, RJ3, and RJ4 were similar to those in group UV+. Dietary supplementation of RJ1 improves epidermal hydration in parallel with enhanced expression and degradation of filaggrin, but not by increased protein expression of PAD3, along with increased generation of glutamate and serine.

    Keywords
    royal jelly; filaggrin; peptidylarginine deiminase-3 (PAD3); free amino acid; ultraviolet irradiation

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Altered epidermal hydration in the groups. Hairless mice fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 6 weeks (group UV-); UV-irradiated hairless mice fed a control diet (group UV+) or diets supplemented with 1.0% royal jelly harvested from different areas in Korea or from China (group RJ4) in parallel with UV irradiation for 6 weeks. Values are mean ± SEM (0-1 wk; n = 10 in gro-ups UV-, UV+, RJ1, RJ3 and RJ4, n = 9 in group RJ2; 3-6 wk; n = 10 in groups UV-, UV+, RJ1, n = 9 in groups RJ2, RJ3, RJ4). Values without a common letter in each week are significantly different (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.

    Fig. 2
    Altered protein levels of profilaggrin, degradative intermediate and filaggrin in the epidermis of groups. Hairless mice fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 6 weeks (group UV-); UV-irradiated hairless mice fed a control diet (group UV+) or diets supplemented with 1.0% royal jelly harvested from different areas in Korea or from China (group RJ4) in parallel with UV irradiation for 6 weeks. A: Representative expression of profilaggrin, three-repeated intermediate (3RI), two-repeated intermediate (2RI) and filaggrin proteins in the epidermis of groups. B: The signal intensities from multiple experiments of A were quantified and the integrated areas were normalized to the corresponding value of keratin-5 (loading control). Values are mean ± SEM (n = 6). Values without a common letter in profilaggrin, 3RI, 2RI, filaggrin and total filaggrins are significantly different (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.

    Fig. 3
    Altered protein levels of peptidylarginine deiminase-3 (PAD3) in the epidermis of groups. Hairless mice fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 6 weeks (group UV-); UV-irradiated hairless mice fed a control diet (group UV+) or diets supplemented with 1.0% royal jelly harvested from different areas in Korea or from China (group RJ4) in parallel with UV irradiation for 6 weeks. A: Representative expressions of PAD3 in the epidermis of groups. B: The signal intensities from multiple experiments of A were quantified and the integrated areas were normalized to the corresponding value of keratin-5 (loading control). Values are mean ± SEM (n = 5). Values without a common letter are significantly different (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.

    Fig. 4
    Comparison of glutamate and serine contents in the epidermis of groups. Hairless mice fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 6 weeks (group UV-); UV-irradiated hairless mice fed a control diet (group UV+) or diets supplemented with 1.0% royal jelly harvested from different areas in Korea or from China (group RJ4) in parallel with UV irradiation for 6 weeks. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 6). Values without a common letter in glutamate and serine are significantly different (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Diet composition of experimental groups (g/kg)

    Table 2
    Body weight change, food intake and FER

    Table 3
    Free amino acid contents in the epidermis of hairless mice1)

    Notes

    This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ0090662012), Rural DevelopmentAdministration, Republic of Korea.

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    MeSH Terms
    Amino Acids
    Animals
    China
    Diet
    Dietary Supplements
    Fatty Acids
    Glutamic Acid
    Intermediate Filament Proteins
    Korea
    Mice
    Mice, Hairless
    Serine
    Metrics
    Share
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