Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2288-3886
eISSN 2288-3959
    Korean J Nutr. 2010 Apr;43(2):141-151. Korean.
    Published online Apr 29, 2010.
    https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.2.141
    © 2010 The Korean Nutrition Society
    Original Article

    Association of Nutrient Intake and Pregnancy Outcome with Gestational Weight Gain

    Young-Sun Han and Sang-Sun Lee
      • Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
    • To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Email: leess@hanyang.ac.kr )
    Received December 23, 2009; Revised February 02, 2010; Accepted March 25, 2010.

    Abstract

    Gestational age and infant birth weight are influenced by gestational weight gain. This study was aimed to examine the effects of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women were recruited at two hospitals in Seoul area. Characteristics and dietary intakes of pregnant women were obtained using 24-hour recall questionnaires. Gestational weight gain was categorized as less (Under-gain) than, within (Recommended gain), or greater (Over-gain) than the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Maternal height and pre-pregnancy weight in the over-gain group significantly higher than under-gain and recommended gain group. Mini dietary assessment score of eating bean has significantly higher in under-gain group than recommended gain group and eating kimchi has significantly higher in under-gain group than over-gain group. Score of eating fruit was significantly higher in over-gain group than other groups. The mean intake of carbohydrate in the recommended gain group were significantly higher than under-gain group, and mean intake of potassium in the over-gain group were significantly higher than under-gain group. Under-gain group showed the high rate of the preterm delivery and low birth weight infant delivery. However recommended gain group showed 46% reduced risk of preterm delivery (OR = 0.54 CI = 0.30-0.98). Risk of macrosomia increased with increasing gestational weight gain (p for trend < 0.05). In conclusion, pregnancy outcomes were influenced by gestational weight gain. Therefore, these finding suggested adequate gestational weight gain according to BMI for reducing the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and macrosomia.

    Keywords
    gestational weight gain; nutrient intake; pregnancy outcome

    Tables

    Table 1
    Gestational weight gain guidelines by Institute of medicine

    Table 2
    General and obstetrical characteristics of maternals by gestational weight gain category N (%)

    Table 3
    Anthropometric characteristics of the maternals by gestational weight gain category

    Table 4
    Smoking status, alcohol and coffee drinking, stress status of the maternals by gestational weight gain category N (%)

    Table 5
    Weight reduction attempt, physical activity and exercise status of the maternals by gestational weight gain category N (%)

    Table 6
    Mini dietary assessment scores of the maternals by gestational weight gain category

    Table 7
    Nutrient intake of the maternals by gestational weight gain category

    Table 8
    Assessment of nutrient intake of the maternals by pre-pregnancy BMI category using dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs)

    Table 9
    Pregnancy outcomes of the maternals and neonates by gestational weight gain category N (%)

    Table 10
    Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia according to gestational weight gain category

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    MeSH Terms
    Birth Weight
    Eating
    Female
    Fruit
    Gestational Age
    Humans
    Infant
    Infant, Low Birth Weight
    Infant, Newborn
    Institute of Medicine (U.S.)
    Potassium
    Pregnancy
    Pregnancy Outcome
    Pregnant Women
    Surveys and Questionnaires
    Weight Gain
    Metrics
    Share
    Tables
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