Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 2288-3886
eISSN 2288-3959
    Korean J Nutr. 2010 Feb;43(1):79-85. Korean.
    Published online Feb 28, 2010.
    https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.1.79
    © 2010 The Korean Nutrition Society
    Original Article

    Estimation of Sodium Intake of Adult Female by 24-Hour Urine Analysis, Dietary Records and Dish Frequency Questionnaire (DFQ 55)

    Eun-Kyung Shin,1 Hye-Jin Lee,2 Jung-Jeung Lee,3 Moon-Young Ann,4 Sook-Me Son,5 and Yeon-Kyung Lee1
      • 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
      • 2Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Seoul 122-701, Korea.
      • 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, Korea.
      • 4Public Health Division, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu 700-714, Korea.
      • 5Food Science & Nutrition, Catholic University, Bucheon 420-743, Korea.
    • To whom correspondence should be addressed. (Email: yklee@knu.ac.kr )
    Received September 30, 2009; Revised December 01, 2009; Accepted February 02, 2010.

    Abstract

    This study assesses the sodium intake of adults by 24-hour urine analysis, dietary records review and a food intake questionnaire. Subjects were 236 adult female in Daegu. The results are summarized as follows: Sodium intake as indicated by the 24-hour urine analysis was 5,805.4 ± 3836.8 mg. This was significantly higher than intake indicated by dietary records (4415.4 ± 1935.1 mg) and the dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ 55)(4293.5 ± 1526.5 mg). The results of the 24-hour urine analysis and DFQ 55 showed that sodium intake was higher for the 65-to-74-year-old age group than for other age groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). Review of dietary records to examine typical sodium intake by food groups showed that 53.7% of the sodium consumed by subjects in all age groups came from seasonings and spices (2399.0 ± 1526.5 mg). The analysis of sodium intake by food groups using DFQ 55 showed 34.2% of their sodium came from consumption of kimchi (p < 0.001) and kimch, soup, stew and fish jorim accounted for 57.8% of total sodium intake. The results indicate positive correlation between age and sodium intake, as shown by the 24-hour urine analysis and food intake questionnaire (p < 0.05). Therefore, these results would be valuable as basic data for planning nutrition education for sodium intake reduction.

    Keywords
    sodium intake; 24-hour urine analysis; dietary record; dish frequency questionnaire

    Tables

    Table 1
    Comparison of daily sodium intakes estimated by different methods

    Table 2
    Mean sodium intake of adult female by food record method

    Table 3
    Mean daily sodium intake of adult female by a dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ 55) method

    Table 4
    Correlations among estimated sodium intakes of adult female by different methods

    Notes

    This research was supported by 2006 National Health Promotion Fund.

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    MeSH Terms
    Adult
    Diet Records
    Eating
    Female
    Humans
    Porphyrins
    Seasons
    Sodium
    Spices
    Surveys and Questionnaires
    Metrics
    Share
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