Open Access, Peer-reviewed, Quarterly
pISSN 0301-2875
eISSN 2005-3789
    J Korean Acad Prosthodont. 2018 Jul;56(3):179-187. Korean.
    Published online Jul 20, 2018.
    https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2018.56.3.179
    © 2018 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
    Original Article

    The effect of heat to remove cement on implant titanium abutment and screw

    Hyo-Gyoung Yi, Ki-Sung Gil, Jung-Jin Lee, Seung-Geun Ahn and Jae-Min Seo
      • Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bio-Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
    • Corresponding Author: Jae-Min Seo. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bio-Science, Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Dukjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea. +82 (0)63 250 2696: Email: jmseo@jbnu.ac.kr
    Received January 09, 2018; Revised May 11, 2018; Accepted May 30, 2018.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat applied to disintegrate cement on the removal torque value and fracture strength of titanium abutment and abutment screw.

    Materials and methods

    Implants, titanium abutments and abutment screws were prepared for each 20 piece. Implant abutments and screws were classified as the control group in which no heat was applied and the experimental group was heated in a vacuum furnace to 450℃ for 8 minutes and cooled in air. The abutments and screws were connected to the implants with 30 Ncm tightening torque at interval 10 minutes and the removal torque value was measured 15 minutes later. And the fracture strength of abutment screw was measured using universal testing machine.

    Results

    The mean removal torque value was 27.84 ± 1.07 Ncm in the control group and 26.55 ± 1.56 Ncm in the experimental group and showed statistically significant difference (P < .05). The mean fracture strength was 731.47 ± 39.46 N in the control group and 768.58 ± 46.73 N in the experimental group and showed statistically no significant difference (P > .05).

    Conclusion

    The heat applied for cement disintegration significantly reduced the removal torque value of the abutment screw and did not significantly affect fracture strength of the abutment screw. Therefore, in the case of applying heat to disintegrate cement it is necessary to separate the abutment screw or pay attention to the reuse of the heated screw. However further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical reuse of the heated screw.

    Keywords
    Implant abutment; Abutment screw; Removal torque value; Fracture strength

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Materials used in the experiment. (A) Implant, (B) Abutment, (C) Abutment screw.

    Fig. 2
    Implant embedding and fixation with specimen holder. (A) Autopolymerizing acrylic resin replica, (B, C) Putty die, (D) Implant embedded with acrylic resin, (E) Embedded implant in specimen holder. 3 mm below the platform was not embedded to reflect vertical bone resorption.

    Fig. 3
    Vacuum furnace.

    Fig. 4
    Experimental design for removal torque value test. (A) After implant was fixed with specimen holder, abutment screwed on the implant. Abutment screw was tightened with an insertion torque of 30 Ncm and retightened after 10 minutes, (B) Digital torque meter was used to reach reproducible and accurate force. Removal torque value was measured after 15 minutes using the digital torque meter.

    Fig. 5
    Experimental design for static compressive loading test. (A) Universal testing machine, (B) Implant-screw-abutment assembly was fixed in specimen holder. The specimen was positioned so that the load was applied at an angle of 30 degrees to the long axis of the assembly. The tin foil was placed between abutment and loading piston for even force.

    Fig. 6
    Removal torque value of abutment screw. Histogram showing mean removal torque value of abutment screws. The removal torque value was significantly different between the two groups (P < .05).

    Fig. 7
    Fractured abutment screw at the shank area.

    Fig. 8
    Fracture load of abutment screw. Histogram showing mean fracture load of abutment screws. The fracture load was not significantly different between the two groups (P > .05).

    Tables

    Table 1
    Mechanical properties of the base metal

    Table 2
    Descriptive statistics of removal torque value of abutment screw

    Table 3
    Descriptive statistics of fracture strength of abutment screw

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    MeSH Terms
    Hot Temperature*
    Titanium*
    Torque
    Vacuum
    Metrics
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