Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2093-758X
    J Korean Acad Nurs. 2016 Jun;46(3):349-363. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2016.
    https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.349
    © 2016 Korean Society of Nursing Science
    Original Article

    Development and Effects of a Cognitive-behavioral Therapy Based Program in Reducing Internalized Stigma in Patients with Schizophrenia

    Mi Young Kim,1 and Seong Sook Jun2
      • 1Department of Nursing, Kaya University, Gimhae, Korea.
      • 2College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
    • Address reprint requests to: Jun, Seong Sook. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8359, Fax: +82-51-510-8308, Email: jss@pusan.ac.kr
    Received June 19, 2015; Revised October 08, 2015; Accepted January 25, 2016.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    This study was done to develop a internalized stigma reducing program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and appropriate for patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate its effectiveness.

    Methods

    The study design was a mixed method research. Qualitative study, 13 patients with schizophrenia who had experience in overcoming stigma were purposively chosen for interviews and data were analyzed using Giorgi method. Quantitative study, 64 patients with schizophrenia (experimental group=32, control group=32) were recruited. The cognitive-behavioral therapy-based program for reducing internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia was provided for 8 weeks (12 sessions). Data were collected from June. 20, 2013 to Feb. 14, 2014. Quantitative data were analyzed using χ2-test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS program.

    Results

    Qualitative results, from the experience of coping with stigma in patients with schizophrenia seventeen themes and five themes-clusters were drawn up. Quantitative results showed that internalized stigma, self-esteem, mental health recovery and quality of life were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group.

    Conclusion

    Study findings indicate that this program for reducing internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia is effective and can be recommended as a rehabilitation program intervention to help patients with schizophrenia to cope with internalized stigma.

    Keywords
    Schizophrenia; Cognitive therapy; Behavioral therapy; Social stigma; Stereotyping

    Tables

    Table 1
    Description of Mixed Method Study

    Table 2
    Description of Intervention

    Table 3
    Homogeneity of General Characteristics and Function (N=64)

    Table 4
    Changes in Outcome Variables from Baseline to 16-week Follow-up (N=64)

    Notes

    This manuscript is based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Pusan National University.

    CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:The authors declared no conflict of interest

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    MeSH Terms
    Cognitive Therapy*
    Program Development*
    Program Evaluation*
    Adaptation, Psychological
    Female
    Humans
    Male
    Mental Health
    Quality of Life
    Schizophrenia/nursing
    Schizophrenia/therapy*
    Self Concept
    Social Stigma
    Stereotyping
    Metrics
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