Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2093-758X
    J Korean Acad Nurs. 2014 Apr;44(2):209-218. Korean.
    Published online Apr 30, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2014.44.2.209
    © 2014 Korean Society of Nursing Science
    Original Article

    Development and Validity of Workplace Bullying in Nursing-Type Inventory (WPBN-TI)

    Younju Lee,1 and Mihyoung Lee2
      • 1Department of Nursing, JEI University, Incheon, Korea.
      • 2Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
    • Address reprint requests to: Lee, Mihyoung. Department of Nursing, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea. Tel: +82-32-860-8205, Fax: +82-32-874-5880, Email: mihyoung@inha.ac.kr
    Received January 02, 2014; Revised February 04, 2014; Accepted March 27, 2014.

    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.

    Methods

    The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.

    Results

    WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.

    Conclusions

    WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.

    Keywords
    Workplace bullying; Nurses; Instrument development

    Figures

    Figure 1
    Framework for theoretical phase of types of workplace bullying.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Demographic Characteristics of Participants (N=458)

    Table 2
    Rotated Factor Pattern Matrix and Communality of WPBN-TI

    Table 3
    Multitrait/Multi-item Matrix of WPBN-TI (Correlation Matrix Corrected for Overlap)

    Table 4
    Difference between Subjective Workplace Bullying Victimization and WPBN-TI

    Table 5
    Correlations between the WPBN-TI and NAQ-R

    Notes

    This manuscript is a based on a part of the first author's doctoral dissertation from Inha University.

    This work was supported by INHA University Research Grant.

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    MeSH Terms
    Bullying*
    Program Development*
    Program Evaluation*
    Adult
    Female
    Humans
    Male
    Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology*
    Personality Inventory
    Questionnaires
    Workplace
    Metrics
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    Funding Information
    PERMALINK