Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2093-758X
    J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013 Aug;43(4):486-496. Korean.
    Published online Aug 30, 2013.
    https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486
    © 2013 Korean Society of Nursing Science
    Original Article

    Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach

    Sun-Jung Park,1 Kyung-Ah Kang,2 and Shin-Jeong Kim3
      • 1Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 2Department of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 3Department of Nursing, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea.
    • Address reprint requests to: Kim, Shin-Jeong. Department of Nursing, Hallym University, 1 Okchun-dong, Chunchon 200-702, Korea. Tel: +82-33-248-2721, Fax: +82-33-248-2734, Email: ksj@hallym.ac.kr
    Received February 26, 2013; Accepted June 13, 2013.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type.

    Methods

    Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program.

    Results

    Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'.

    Conclusion

    For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.

    Keywords
    Early childhood; Parents; Child rearing

    Tables

    Table 1
    Eigen Value, Variance, and Cumulative Percentage (N=40)

    Table 2
    Correlation Matrix between Types (N=40)

    Table 3
    Demographic Characteristics and Factor Weight for P-sample (N=40)

    Table 4
    Q-Statements on Z-Scores according to Types (N=40)

    Table 5
    Consensus Items and Average Z-scores (N=40)

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    MeSH Terms
    Child Rearing*
    Adult
    Attitude
    Awareness
    Behavior
    Child
    Child, Preschool
    Female
    Humans
    Infant
    Male
    Parents/psychology*
    Q-Sort
    Questionnaires
    Metrics
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