[1]
Betha, R., Balasubramanian, R., 2011. Emissions of particulate-bound elements from stationary diesel engine: haracterization and risk assessment. Atmospheric Environment 45, 5273-5281.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.060
Google Scholar
[2]
Chan, C.K., Yao, X., 2008. Air pollution in mega cities in China. Atmospheric Environment 42, 1-42.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.003
Google Scholar
[3]
Charlesworth, S., De Miguel, E., Ordonez, A., 2011. A review of the distribution of particulate trace elements in urban terrestrial environments and its application to considerations of risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 33, 103-123.
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9325-7
Google Scholar
[4]
Diaz, R.V., Dominguez, E.R., 2009. Health risk by inhalation of PM(2. 5) in the metropolitan zone of the City of Mexico. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72, 866-871.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.014
Google Scholar
[5]
Fang, G.C., Huang, Y.L., Huang, J.H., 2010. Study of atmospheric metallic elements pollution in Asia during 2000-2007. Journal of Hazardous Materials 180, 115-121.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.120
Google Scholar
[6]
Ferreira-Baptista, L., De Miguel, E., 2005. Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: a tropical urban environment. Atmospheric Environment 39, 4501-4512.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026
Google Scholar
[7]
Gilbert, R.O., 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp.177-185.
Google Scholar
[8]
Granero, S., Domingo, J.L., 2002. Levels of metals in soils of Alcala de Henares, Spain: human health risks. Environment International 28, 159-164.
DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00024-7
Google Scholar
[9]
Guney, M., Zagury, G.J., Dogan, N., Onay, T.T., 2010. Exposure assessment and risk characterization from trace elements following soil ingestion by children exposed to playgrounds, parks and picnic areas. Journal of Hazardous Mat erials182, 656-664.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.082
Google Scholar
[10]
Hu, H., Yang, Q., Lu, X., Wang, W.C., Wang, S.S., Fan, M.H., 2010. Air pollution and control in different areas of China. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 40, 452-518.
DOI: 10.1080/10643380802451946
Google Scholar
[11]
Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Luo, J., Xie, M.J., Wang, T.J., Lian, H.Z., 2011. Bio-accessibility and health risk of arsenic, mercury and other metals in urban street dusts from a mega-city, Nanjing, China. Environmental Pollution 159, 1215-12 21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.037
Google Scholar
[12]
IARC (International Agency for research on cancer), 2011. Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, vol. 1-102.
Google Scholar
[13]
Kampa, M., Castanas, E., 2008. Human health effects of air pollution. Environmental Pollution 151, 362-367.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012
Google Scholar
[14]
Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.W., Lee, J.U., Lee, J.S., Cook, J., 2002. Assessment of As and heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of Duckum Au-Ag mine, Korea. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 24, 215-227.
Google Scholar
[15]
Lee, S. -w., Lee, B. -t., Kim, J. -y., Kim, K. -w., Lee, J. -s., 2006. Human risk assessment for heavy metals and as contamination in the abandoned metal mine areas, Korea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 119, 233-244.
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-9024-5
Google Scholar
[16]
Lim, H.S., Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T., Sager, M., 2008. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Aue Ag mine in Korea. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 96, 223-230.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.008
Google Scholar
[17]
Lu, Y., Yin, W., Huang, L.B., Zhang, G.L., Zhao, Y.G., 2011. Assessment of bio-accessibility and exposure risk of arsenic and lead in urban soils of Guangzhou City, China. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 33, 93-102.
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-010-9324-8
Google Scholar
[18]
Madrid, F., Biasioli, M., Ajmone-Marsan, F., 2008. Availability and bio-accessibility of metals in fine particles of some urban soils. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 55, 21-32.
DOI: 10.1007/s00244-007-9086-1
Google Scholar
[19]
Okuda, T., Katsuno, M., Naoi, D., Nakao, S., Tanaka, S., He, K.B., Ma, Y.L., Lei, Y., Jia, Y.T., 2008. Trends in hazardous trace metal concentrations in aerosols collected in Beijing, China from 2001 to 2006. Chemosphere 72, 917 -924.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.033
Google Scholar
[20]
Oomen, A.G., Hack, A., Minekus, M., Zeijdner, E., Cornelis, C., Schoeters, G., Verstraete,W., Van de Wiele, T., Wragg, J., Rompelberg, C.J.M., Sips, A.J.A.M., VanWijnen, J.H., 2002. Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to study the bio-accessibility of soil contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology 36, 3326-3334.
DOI: 10.1021/es010204v
Google Scholar
[21]
Peled, R., 2011. Air pollution exposure: who is at high risk? Atmospheric Environment45, 1781-1785.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.001
Google Scholar
[22]
Poggio, L., Vrscaj, B., Schulin, R., Hepperle, E., Marsan, F.A., 2009. Metals pollution and human bio-accessibility of top-soils in Grugliasco (Italy). Environmental Pollution 157, 680-689.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.009
Google Scholar
[23]
See, S.W., Balasubramanian, R., 2006. Risk assessment of exposure to indoor aerosols associated with Chinese cooking. Environmental Research 102, 197-204.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.013
Google Scholar
[24]
US EPA, 2007. Guidance for Evaluating the Oral Bioavailability of Metals in Soils for Use in Human Health Risk Assessment. OSWER 9285. 7-80.
Google Scholar
[25]
US EPA, 2008. Standard Operating Procedure for an in Vitro Bio-accessibility Assay for Lead in Soil. EPA9200. 1-86.
Google Scholar
[26]
US EPA, 2011a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. In: Part A: Human Health Evaluation Manual; Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment; Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment, vol. I. http: /www. epa. gov/oswer/riskassessment/human_health_exposure. htm.
DOI: 10.1201/9781439813492-c11
Google Scholar
[27]
US EPA, 2011b. The Screening Level (RSL) Tables (Last updated June 2011). Available on-line at: http: /www. epa. gov/region9/superfund/prg/index. html.
Google Scholar
[28]
US EPA, 2011c. User's Guide and Background Technical Document for US EPA Region 9's Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRG) Table. http: /www. epa. gov/ reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration table/usersguide. htm.
Google Scholar
[29]
van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R.V., Brauer, M., Kahn, R., Levy, R., Verduzco, C., Villeneuve, P.J., 2010. Global estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: development and application. Environmental Health Perspectives 118, 847-855.
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901623
Google Scholar
[30]
Wei, B.G., Yang, L.S., 2010. A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchemical Journal 94, 99-107.
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.09.014
Google Scholar
[31]
Wu, Y.S., Fang, G.C., Lee, W.J., Lee, J.F., Chang, C.C., Lee, C.Z., 2007. A review of atmospheric fine particulate matter and its associated trace metal pollutants in Asian countries during the period 1995e2005. Journal of Hazardous Materials 143, 511-515.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.066
Google Scholar
[32]
Zheng, N., Liu, J.H., Wang, Q.C., Liang, Z.Z., 2010a. Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast of China. Science of the Total Environment 408, 726-733.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.075
Google Scholar
[33]
Zheng, N., Liu, J.S., Wang, Q.C., Liang, Z.Z., 2010b. Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district, northeast of China. Atmospheric Environment 44, 3239-3245.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.002
Google Scholar