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Facial emotion recognition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: An exploratory study

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Abstract

Understanding facial emotions is fundamental to interact in social environments and modify behavior accordingly. Neurodegenerative processes can progressively transform affective responses and affect social competence. This exploratory study examined the neurocognitive correlates of face recognition, in individuals with two mild cognitive impairment (MCI) etiologies (prodromal to dementia – MCI, or consequent to Parkinson’s disease – PD-MCI). Performance on the identification and memorization of neutral and emotional facial expressions was assessed in 31 individuals with MCI, 26 with PD-MCI, and 30 healthy controls (HC). Individuals with MCI exhibited selective impairment in recognizing faces expressing fear, along with difficulties in remembering both neutral and emotional faces. Conversely, individuals with PD-MCI showed no differences compared with the HC in either emotion recognition or memory. In MCI, no significant association emerged between the memory for facial expressions and cognitive difficulties. In PD-MCI, regression analyses showed significant associations with higher-level cognitive functions in the emotional memory task, suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms. In a subset of participants, voxel-based morphometry revealed that the performance on emotional tasks correlated with regional changes in gray matter volume. The performance in the matching of negative expressions was predicted by volumetric changes in brain areas engaged in face and emotional processing, in particular increased volume in thalamic nuclei and atrophy in the right parietal cortex. Future studies should leverage on neuroimaging data to determine whether differences in emotional recognition are mediated by pathology-specific atrophic patterns.

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Funding

This work was supported by “Progetto giovani ricercatori: FINAGE” (GR-2018-12367927) from the Ministry of Health to F. B.

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Author notes

  1. Beatrice de Gelder and Carlo Semenza should be considered joint senior authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126, Venezia, Italy

    Francesca Burgio, Laura Danesin, Andreina Giustiniani & Roberta De Mitri

  2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy

    Arianna Menardi, Antonino Vallesi & Carlo Semenza

  3. Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy

    Arianna Menardi, Silvia Benavides-Varela, Antonino Vallesi & Carlo Semenza

  4. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Silvia Benavides-Varela

  5. Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Jan Van den Stock

  6. Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Jan Van den Stock

  7. Department of General Psychology (DPG), University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy

    Roberta Biundo

  8. Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy

    Roberta Biundo

  9. Unità Operativa Complessa Cure Primarie Distretto 3 Mirano-Dolo, Aulss 3, Serenissima, Italy

    Francesca Meneghello

  10. Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Angelo Antonini

  11. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands

    Beatrice de Gelder

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  1. Francesca Burgio
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Contributions

FB, SBV, BDG, and CS contributed to conception and design of the study. AM and LD performed the statistical analysis. FB and JVDS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. FB, AM, SBV, AV, AG, and LD wrote sections of the manuscript. FB was responsible for funding acquisition. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Laura Danesin.

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Francesca Burgio and Arianna Menardi share the first authorship.

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Burgio, F., Menardi, A., Benavides-Varela, S. et al. Facial emotion recognition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: An exploratory study. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci (2024). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-024-01160-5

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