Abstract
Four groups of 20 Ss recalled triads of spelled-out numbers for three trials. The type of material presented on the fourth trial was the same for the control (C) group but differed either visually (V), semantically (S), or acoustically and semantically (AS) from prior material for three experimental groups. Recall for all groups decreased over the first three trials. Vocal and written recall on the fourth trial for Groups V and SA, but only vocal recall of Group S, was superior to that of Group C. In contrast to the recent emphasis upon acoustic storage, the present results indicate that short-term memory of verbal material entails both an auditory and visual process. The results were discussed in terms of extensions of the interference-encoding hypothesis.
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Brodie, D.A., Lippman, L.G. Effects of shifts in visual, semantic, and acoustic-semantic stimulus attributes in STM tasks. Psychon Sci 20, 335–337 (1970). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335676
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335676