Abstract
When an observer views a moving scene binocularly, both motion parallax and binocular disparity provide depth information. In Experiments lA-1C, we measured sensitivity to surface curvature when these depth cues were available either individually or simultaneously. When the depth cues yielded comparable sensitivity to surface curvature, we found that curvature detection was easier with the cues present simultaneously, rather than individually. For 2 of the 6 subjects, this effect was stronger when the component of frontal translation of the surface was vertical, rather than horizontal. No such anisotropy was found for the 4 other subjects. If a moving object is observed binocularly, the patterns of optic flow are different on the left and right retinae. We have suggested elsewhere (Cornilleau-Pérès & Droulez, in press) that this motion disparity might be used as avisual cue for the perception of a 3-D structure. Our model consisted in deriving binocular disparity from the left and right distributions of vertical velocities, rather than from luminous intensities, as has been done in classical studies on stereoscopic vision. The model led to some predictions concerning the detection of surface curvature from motion disparity in the presence or absence of intensity-based disparity (classically termedbinocular disparity). In a second set of experiments, we attempted to test these predictions, and we failed to validate our theoretical scheme from a physiological point of view.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beverley, K. I., &Regan, D. (1973). Evidence for the existence of neural mechanisms selectively sensitive to the direction of movement in space.Journal of Physiology,235, 17–29.
Blake, R., &Fox, R. (1973). The psychophysical inquiry into binocular summation.Perception & Psychophysics,14, 161–185.
Braunstein, M. L., Andersen, G. J., Rouse, M. W., &Tittle, J. S. (1986). Recovering viewer-centered depth from disparity, occlusion, and velocity gradients.Perception & Psychophysics,40, 216–224.
Braunstein, M., &Todd, J. (1990), On the distinction between artifacts and information,Journal of Experimental Psychology.’ Human Perception & Performance,16, 211–216.
Bülthoff, H. H., &Mallot, H. A. (1987). Interaction of different modules in depth perception. InProceedings of the First international Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 295–305). Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society Press,
Cornilleau-Pérès, V., &Droulez, J. (1989). Visual perception of surface curvature: Psychophysics of curvature detection induced by motion parallax.Perception & Psychophysics,46, 351–364.
Cornilleau-Pérès, V., &Droulez, J. (1990). Stereo-correspondence from optic flow. In O. Faugeras (Ed.),Proceedings of the First European Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 326–330). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Cornilleau-Per.Es, V., & Droulez J., (in press). Velocity correspondence in stereokinetic images. Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing, Image Understanding.
Cynader, M., &Regan, D. (1978). Neurons in cat parastriate cortex sensitive to the direction of motion in three-dimensional space.Journal of Physiology,274, 549–569.
Cynader, M., &Regan, D. (1982). Neurons in cat visual cortex tuned to the direction of motion in depth: Effect of positional disparity.Vision Research,22, 967–982.
Droulez, J., &Cornilleau-Pérès, V. (1990). Visual perception of surface curvature: The spin variation and its physiological implications.Biological Cybernetics,62, 211–224.
Foley, J. M. (1978). Primary distance perception. In R. Held, H. W. Leibowitz, & H. L. Teuber (Eds.),Handbook of sensory physiology: Vol. 8. Perception (pp. 181–213). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Gogel, W. C. (1980). The sensing of retinal motion.Perception & Psychophysics,28, 155–163.
Green, B. F. (1959).Kinetic depth effect (Psychology Group 58, Quarterly Progress Report). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lincoln Laboratory.
Green, D. M., &Swets, J. A. (1974).Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York: Kreiger.
Hildreth, E. C. (1984). The computation of the velocity field.Proceedings of the Royal Society: Series B,221, 189–220.
Horn, B. K. P., &Schunck, B. G. (1981). Determining optical flow,Artificial Intelligence,17, 185–203.
Husain, M., Treue, S., &Andersen, R. A. (1989). Surface interpolation in 3-D structure-from-motion perception.Neural Computation,1, 324–333.
Jenkin, M. R. M. (1984).The stereopsis of time-varying imagery (Tech. Rep. RBCV-TR-84-3). Toronto: University of Toronto.
Julesz, B. (1971).Foundations of cyclopean perception. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lee, D. N. (1971). Binocular stereopsis without spatial disparity.Perception & Psychophysics,9(2B), 216–218.
Le Grand, Y. (1956).Optique Physiologique. T3: L’Espace visuel. Paris: Editions de la Revue d’Optique.
Longuet-Higgins, H. C., &Prazdny, K. (1980). The interpretation of a moving retinal image.Proceedings of the Royal Society: Series B,208, 385–397.
Marr, D., &Poggio, T. (1979). A computational theory of human stereo vision.Proceedings of the Royal Society: Series B,204, 301–328.
Maunsell, J. H. R., &Van Essen, D. C. (1983). Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey: II. Binocular interactions and sensitivity to binocular disparity.Journal of Neurophysiology,49, 1148–1167.
Mayhew, J. E. W., &Frisby, J. P. (1981). Psychophysical and computational studies toward a theory of human stereopsis.Artificial intelligence,17, 349–385.
Mitiche, A. (1984). On combining stereopsis and kineopsis for space perception. InProceedings of the First Conference on Al Applications (pp. 156–160). Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society Press.
Mitiche, A. (1988). Three-dimensional space from optical flow correspondence.Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Processing,42, 306–317.
Nakayama, K. (1985). Biological image motion processing: A review.Vision Research,25, 625–660.
Nawrot, M., &Blake, R. (1991). The interplay between stereopsis and structure from motion.Perception & Psychophysics,49, 230–244.
Orban, G. A., Spileers, W., Gulyas, B., &Bishop, P. O. (1986). Motion in depth selectivity of cortical cells revisited.Society for Neuroscience Abstracts,12, 584.
Petersik, J. T. (1980). The effects of spatial and temporal factors on the perception of stroboscopic rotation stimulations.Perception,9, 271–283.
Pettigrew, J. D. (1973). Binocular neurones which signal change of disparity in area 18 of cat visual cortex.Nature,241, 123–124.
Poggio, G. F., &Talbot, W. H. (1981). Mechanisms of static and dynamic stereopsis in foveal cortex of the rhesus monkey.Journal of Physiology,315, 469–492.
Regan, D., &Beverley, K. I. (1973). The dissociation of sideways movements from movement in depth: Psychophysics.Vision Research,13, 2403–2415.
Richards, W. (1977). Selective stereoblindness. In H. Spekreijse & L. H. van der Tweel (Eds.),Spatial contrast: Report ofa workshop (pp. 109–115). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Richards, W. (1983).Structure from stereo and motion. (Al Memo No. 731). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Richards, W., &Regan, D. (1973). A stereo field map with implications for disparity processing.Investigative Ophthalmology,12, 904–909.
Rogers, B. J., &Collett, T. S. (1989). The appearance of surfaces specified by motion parallax and binocular disparity.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,41A, 697–717.
Rogers, B. J., &Graham, M. E. (1982). Similarities between motion parallax and stereopsis in human depth perception.Vision Research,22, 261–270.
Rogers, B. J., &Graham, M. E. (1985). Motion parallax and the perception of three-dimensional surfaces. In D. J. Ingle, M. Jeannerod, & D. N. Lee (Eds.),Brain mechanisms and spatial vision (NATO Asi Series, pp. 95–111). Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
Rogers, B. J., &Howard, I. P. (1991). Differences in the mechanisms used to extract 3D slant from disparity and motion parallax cues.investigative Ophthalmology& Visual Science,32. (Abstract No. 152–153)
Sperling, G., Dosher, B. A., &Landy, M. S. (1990). How to study the kinetic depth effect experimentally.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,16, 445–450.
Sperling, G., Landy, M. S., Dosher, B. A., &Perkins, M. (1989). Kinetic depth effect and identification of shape.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,15, 826–840.
Stevens, K. A., &Brookes, A. (1988). Integrating stereopsis with monocular interpretations of planar surfaces.Vision Research,28, 371–386.
Thomas, J. P., &Olzak, L. A. (1990). Cue summations in spatial discrimination.Vision Research,30, 1865–1875.
Toyama, K., Komatsu, Y., Kasai, H., Fujii, K., &Umetani, K. (1985). Responsiveness of Clare-Bishop neurons to visual cues associated with motion of a visual stimulus in three-dimensional space.Vision Research,25, 407–414.
Toyama, K., &Kozasa, T. (1982). Responses of Clare-Bishop neurons to three-dimensional movement of a light stimulus.Vision Research,22, 571–574.
Verri, A., &Poggio, T. (1986).Motion fleld and optical flow: Differences and qualitative properties (AI Memo No. 917). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Waxman, A. M., &Duncan, J. H. (1985).Binocular image flows: Steps toward stereo-motion fusion (Report CAR-TR- 119). College Park: University of Maryland, Computer Vision Laboratory.
Waxman, A. M., &Ullman, S. (1985). Surface structure and three dimensional motion from image flow kinematics.international Journal of Robotics Research,4(3), 72–94.
Westheimer, G., &Levi, D. M. (1987). Depth attraction and repulsion of disparate foveate stimuli.Vision Research,27, 1361–1368.
Westheimer, G., &Mckee, S. P. (1975). Stereoscopic acuity for moving retinal images.Journal of the Optical Society of America,68, 450–455.
Zeki, S. M. (1974). Cells responding to changing image size and disparity in the cortex of the rhesus monkey.Journal of Physiology,242, 827–841.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by the company Essior (ConventionCIFRE No. 85/224) and by the program COGNISCIENCF.S ofthe CNRS.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cornilleau-PérÈs, V., Droulez, J. Stereo-motion cooperation and the use ofmotion disparity in the visual perception of 3-D structure. Perception & Psychophysics 54, 223–239 (1993). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211759
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211759