Several Neotropical shrubs and trees variously classified in Psychotria L. subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm., Palicourea Aubl., and Coussarea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) share persistent stipules, apparently nocturnal flowers, well-developed white corollas with long tubes, and well-developed drupaceous fruits with two plano-convex pyrenes that generally have rather thin walls and are dorsally smooth or angled; additionally, most of these species have reduced stipules and relatively large fruits. The separation of Psychotria and Coussarea has been problematic at least in Central America, but removal here of six species from Coussarea leaves that genus characterized morphologically by 4-merous flowers and fruits with a single seed. Recent morphological and molecular surveys indicate that Palicourea and most species of Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria comprise a single evolutionary group. These nocturnally flowering species all have the morphological features of Palicourea in this expanded circumscription and are here transferred to Palicourea along with three additional species from Mexico and Guatemala with relatively large, apparently hummingbird-pollinated flowers. Corresponding new combinations and names are published for several of these: Palicourea alajuelensis C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea austin-smithii Standl.; Palicourea beachiana C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea nigrescens C. M. Taylor & Hammel; Palicourea breedlovei (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria breedlovei Lorence; Palicourea calidicola (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria calidicola C. M. Taylor; Palicourea chrysocalymma (L. O. Williams) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria chrysocalymma L. O. Williams; Palicourea diguana (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor is based on Cephaelis diguana Standl. ex Steyerm.; Palicourea eurycarpa (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria eurycarpa Standl.; Palicourea faxlucens (Lorence & Dwyer) Lorence is based on Psychotria faxlucens Lorence & Dwyer; Palicourea grandifructa (C. M. Taylor) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea grandifructa C. M. Taylor; Palicourea heydei (Standl.) Lorence is based on Psychotria heydei Standl.; Palicourea hondensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Psychotria hondensis Standl.; Palicourea mediocris (Standl. & Steyerm.) Lorence is based on Coussarea mediocris Standl. & Steyerm.; Palicourea megalantha (Lorence) Lorence is based on Psychotria megalantha Lorence; Palicourea nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor is based on Coussarea nebulosa Dwyer;