OECD/DAC은 국제개발에 있어서 공여국들의 성평등 원조를 권고하고 이를 얼마나 예산에 반영하였는지 판단하기 위해 젠더마커를 활용하고 있다. 사업의 내용과 대상에 있어서 그 사업이 얼마나 여성의 역량강화와 성평등에 기여했는가를 보는 것이다. 한국은 OECD/DAC에 가입한 이후 곧바로 국제개발협력기본법을 제정하였는데, 제정당시 한국의 ODA의 목적에 성평등을 포함하고 있었다. 이 논문에서는 이같은 기본법의 정신이 여성대상 사업이 아닌 일반사업에서 얼마나 잘 반영되고 있는지 살펴보기 위해 한국의 주요 ODA 분야 4개 사업을 선정하여 성인지 관점에서 분석하고, 얼마나 성인지 관점이 반영되고 있는지, 성인지 관점이 반영되고 있지 않다면 그 이유는 무엇인지, ODA 사업에 왜 성인지 관점이 반영되어야 하는지에 대해 논하고자 하였다. 성인지 관점의 평가는 ODA 사업의 최종 수혜자가 누구인지에 대한 분석이며 사업이 대상으로 하고 있는 주민 남녀들의 역학관계에 대한 분석이므로, 성평등 달성의 목적 뿐 아니라 사업이 보다 효율적이고 효과적으로 실행되기 위한 유용한 이해관계자 분석이라 할 수 있다. 이 논문을 통해, 첫째, 성평등 이슈는 현지의 여건과 니즈를 가장 잘 파악하고 있는 수원국과 파트너십을 통해 사업초기부터 통합해야 한다는 것, 둘째, 한국은 ODA 사업 시행에 있어서 이같은 성평등 원조와 관련한 지침과 가이드라인은 있으나 이것이 세부적으로 사업기획에 반영되지 않았고, 중범위 수준의 지침이 실행단계로 연결되기 위한 조직차원의 장치가 더 필요하다는 것, 셋째, 한국의 성평등 원조가 확대되기 위해서는 정책결정자 수준에서 정치적 합의와 관심이 필요하다는 것을 발견하게 되었다.
This paper aims to examine whether and how much gender perspectives have been reflected in ODA projects in four focus areas (education, transportation and infrastructure, rural development and health) of South Korea’s international development cooperation. Furthermore, it attempts to explore why gender perspectives are not fully reflected in some projects, and it also explains why gender perspectives need to be reflected in the ODA projects. OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC) has made efforts to encourage its member countries to increase aid in support of gender equality and women’s empowerment. As an effort, it introduced gender equality policy marker to see how much budget each member country spends for aid focused on gender equality and women’s empowerment every year. By doing so, it attempts to evaluate and monitor member countries’ commitment to gender equality and women’s empowerment. Right after joining the OECD DAC, South Korea also legislated Framework Act on International Development Cooperation where achieving gender equality was set out as one of the basic ideologies of South Korea’s development cooperation. Evaluating a development project in a gender perspective is a process to examine its final beneficiaries and the gender relations of a targeted community. In this regard, it is to do with an analysis on various stakeholders of a project in order to not only achieve gender equality but also effectively and efficiently implement the project. This paper finds out that South Korean government has developed some policies and guidelines on aid in support for gender equality but these policies and guidelines have not been fully reflected in the design of the projects examined in this study. Thus, this paper suggests that institutional mechanism is required to make the policies and guidelines fully reflected in practice, and it is also noteworthy that a gender-sensitive projects can be also driven by a recipient country. Furthermore, it finds out that political will is also very important to expand gender-focused ODA projects in Korea.
This paper aims to examine whether and how much gender perspectives have been reflected in ODA projects in four focus areas (education, transportation and infrastructure, rural development and health) of South Korea’s international development cooperation. Furthermore, it attempts to explore why gender perspectives are not fully reflected in some projects, and it also explains why gender perspectives need to be reflected in the ODA projects. OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC) has made efforts to encourage its member countries to increase aid in support of gender equality and women’s empowerment. As an effort, it introduced gender equality policy marker to see how much budget each member country spends for aid focused on gender equality and women’s empowerment every year. By doing so, it attempts to evaluate and monitor member countries’ commitment to gender equality and women’s empowerment. Right after joining the OECD DAC, South Korea also legislated Framework Act on International Development Cooperation where achieving gender equality was set out as one of the basic ideologies of South Korea’s development cooperation. Evaluating a development project in a gender perspective is a process to examine its final beneficiaries and the gender relations of a targeted community. In this regard, it is to do with an analysis on various stakeholders of a project in order to not only achieve gender equality but also effectively and efficiently implement the project. This paper finds out that South Korean government has developed some policies and guidelines on aid in support for gender equality but these policies and guidelines have not been fully reflected in the design of the projects examined in this study. Thus, this paper suggests that institutional mechanism is required to make the policies and guidelines fully reflected in practice, and it is also noteworthy that a gender-sensitive projects can be also driven by a recipient country. Furthermore, it finds out that political will is also very important to expand gender-focused ODA projects in Korea.