Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparations of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (TOCNs)
2.3. Preparation of Single Network Hydrogels Included with TOCN (i.e., T–SN Hydrogel)
2.4. Preparation of Double Network Hydrogels Included with TOCN (i.e., T–DN Hydrogels)
2.5. Preparation of Double Network Hydrogels Hybridized with TOCN and Py (i.e., from T–Fe–DN to T–Py–DN Hydrogels)
2.6. Determination of the Carboxylate Content (CC) and Degree of Oxidation (DO) of TOCN
2.7. Estimations of Water Content and Degree of Swelling for Hydrogels
2.8. Establishment of the Calibration Curve of Fe(III)EDTA Solution and Estimations of Fe3+ Concentration Absorbed in Hydrogels
2.9. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preparations of TOCN and Hybridizations with Double Network (i.e., T–DN) Hydrogels
3.2. Incorporations of Various Fe3+ Concentrations into T–DN Hydrogels
3.3. Characteristic of Functional Groups within Hydrogels
3.4. Microstructures of DN Hydrogels
3.5. Thermal Stability of T–Py–DN Hydrogels
3.6. Mechanical Properties of T–Py–DN Hydrogels
3.7. Electrical Conductivity (Σ) and Resistivity (ρ) of T–Py–DN Hydrogels
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | TOCN Content (wt.%) | [FeCl3]0 (mM) | Water Content (wt.%) | Degree of Swelling |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0–DN | 0 | – | 94.2 | 16.4 |
T0–Py5–DN | 0 | 5 | 93.5 | 14.6 |
T1–Py5–DN | 1 | 5 | 92.7 | 12.8 |
T2–Py5–DN | 2 | 5 | 94.4 | 16.2 |
T3–Py5–DN | 3 | 5 | 93.2 | 13.8 |
T2–Py5(16h)–DN * | 2 | 5 | 94.9 | 18.7 |
T2–Py50–DN | 2 | 50 | 93.6 | 14.8 |
T2–Py100–DN | 2 | 100 | 92.0 | 11.6 |
T2–Py200–DN | 2 | 200 | 91.7 | 11.3 |
Sample | Conc. of Fe3+ in DN Hydrogels (mM) |
---|---|
T2–DN | 0 |
T2–Fe5–DN | 3.68 |
T2–Fe5(16h)–DN | 8.20 |
T2–Fe50–DN | 6.97 |
T2–Fe100–DN | 9.38 |
T2–Fe200–DN | 20.67 |
Sample | Td,5% (°C) | Char Yield (wt.%) | Conductivity (×10−3 S/cm) | Resistivity * (Ω × cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T0–DN | 232 | 2.1 | 0.17 | 5930 |
T0–Py5–DN | 228 | 1.6 | 0.26 | 3893 |
T1–Py5–DN | 232 | 2.1 | 1.72 | 583 |
T2–Py5–DN | 237 | 1.8 | 3.34 | 299 |
T3–Py5–DN | 233 | 1.3 | 2.37 | 431 |
T2–Py5(16h)–DN | 237 | 1.8 | 2.21 | 454 |
T2–Py50–DN | 241 | 2.5 | 1.74 | 594 |
T2–Py100–DN | 237 | 3.6 | 1.22 | 823 |
T2–Py200–DN | 238 | 3.9 | 1.37 | 736 |
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Tu, C.-W.; Tsai, F.-C.; Chen, J.-K.; Wang, H.-P.; Lee, R.-H.; Zhang, J.; Chen, T.; Wang, C.-C.; Huang, C.-F. Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles. Polymers 2020, 12, 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122835
Tu C-W, Tsai F-C, Chen J-K, Wang H-P, Lee R-H, Zhang J, Chen T, Wang C-C, Huang C-F. Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122835
Chicago/Turabian StyleTu, Cheng-Wei, Fang-Chang Tsai, Jem-Kun Chen, Huei-Ping Wang, Rong-Ho Lee, Jiawei Zhang, Tao Chen, Chung-Chi Wang, and Chih-Feng Huang. 2020. "Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122835