Association between Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Metabolic Function in Healthy Asian Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Body Composition and Maximal Oxygen Uptake
2.3. Metabolic Testing
2.4. Clinical Chemistry
2.5. Calculations
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Vitamin D Metabolites, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Factors
3.2. Characteristics of Subjects with a Low and a High VDM Index
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subject Characteristics | VDM Index | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted for Age, Sex, and BMI | |||
r | p | ρ | p | |
Age | 0.208 | 0.096 | ||
BMI | −0.102 | 0.421 | ||
Percent body fat (%) | −0.308 * | 0.012 | −0.261 * | 0.041 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.054 | 0.671 | −0.168 | 0.192 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | −0.103 | 0.413 | −0.251 * | 0.049 |
Waist circumference (cm) | −0.075 | 0.551 | −0.330 ** | 0.009 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.042 | 0.738 | 0.076 | 0.578 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.299 * | 0.016 | 0.225 | 0.078 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.139 | 0.269 | 0.200 | 0.119 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.277 * | 0.025 | 0.151 | 0.240 |
SAT (mL) | −0.278 * | 0.025 | −0.313 * | 0.013 |
VAT (mL) | −0.043 | 0.734 | −0.222 | 0.101 |
IHTG (%) | −0.161 | 0.201 | −0.231 | 0.087 |
VO2max (mL/kg∙min) | 0.227 | 0.071 | 0.240 | 0.062 |
Insulin sensitivity | 0.226 | 0.085 | 0.271 * | 0.043 |
Total disposition index | 0.311 * | 0.012 | 0.281 * | 0.028 |
High VDM Index (n = 17) | Low VDM Index (n = 17) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 41.3 ± 15.5 | 39.3 ± 13.6 | 0.692 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.1 ± 1.3 | 22.0 ± 1.8 | 0.101 |
25(OH)D3 (ng/mL) | 48.4 ± 13.2 | 45.6 ± 14.1 | 0.552 |
24,25(OH)2D3 (ng/mL) | 23.3 ± 10.4 | 18.8 ± 8.6 * | 0.015 |
1,25(OH)2D3 (ng/mL) | 10.6 ± 4.2 | 6.1 ± 1.5 *** | <0.001 |
VDM index | 2.32 ± 0.31 | 2.00 ± 0.27 ** | 0.003 |
Percent body fat (%) | 27.5 ± 7.7 | 29.3 ± 7.5 | 0.508 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124 ± 11 | 123 ± 11 | 0.976 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 ± 10 | 82 ± 12 | 0.185 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 70.4 ± 6.8 | 73.9 ± 7.2 | 0.159 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.80 ± 0.26 | 1.04 ± 0.52 | 0.098 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.47 ± 1.08 | 4.99 ± 0.91 | 0.175 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.65 ± 0.42 | 1.48 ± 0.32 | 0.187 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.46 ± 0.91 | 3.05 ± 0.78 | 0.169 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35.3 ± 3.6 | 35.9 ± 3.1 | 0.576 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 87.8 ± 10.6 | 88.1 ± 8.1 | 0.923 |
Fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) | 4.2 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 4.1 | 0.150 |
Fasting free fatty acids (mEq/L) | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.38 ± 0.19 | 0.750 |
SAT (mL) | 1691 ± 786 | 1947 ± 712 | 0.326 |
VAT (mL) | 667 ± 424 | 940 ± 612 | 0.142 |
IHTG (%) | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 5.4 | 0.071 |
VO2max (mL/kg∙min) | 31.1 ± 9.8 | 35.4 ± 9.2 | 0.198 |
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Ding, C.; Chan, Z.; Chooi, Y.C.; Choo, J.; Sadananthan, S.A.; Michael, N.; Velan, S.S.; Leow, M.K.-S.; Magkos, F. Association between Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Metabolic Function in Healthy Asian Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3706. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123706
Ding C, Chan Z, Chooi YC, Choo J, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Velan SS, Leow MK-S, Magkos F. Association between Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Metabolic Function in Healthy Asian Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3706. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123706
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Cherlyn, Zhiling Chan, Yu Chung Chooi, John Choo, Suresh Anand Sadananthan, Navin Michael, Sambasivam Sendhil Velan, Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, and Faidon Magkos. 2020. "Association between Serum Vitamin D Metabolites and Metabolic Function in Healthy Asian Adults" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3706. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123706