Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Multidimensional Titanium Dioxide/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Film
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
2.2. Fabrication of Humidity Sensors
2.3. Material Characterization
2.4. Humidity Sensing Test
2.5. Calculation Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological and Structural Characteristics
3.2. Humidity Sensing Characteristics
3.3. Density Functional Theory Analysis and Sensing Mechanism of TiO2/CNC-Based Humidity Sensors
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Humidity Range (% RH) | Response (R0/R) | Response/Recovery Time | Substrate | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2 | 0–70 | 10 | 3 min/50 s | PET * | [29] |
TiO2 nanowire network | 30–75 | - | 3.6 s/14 s | PET * | [30] |
TiO2 nanoflower | 20–95 | 103~104 | hundreds of second | PI * | [31] |
TiO2 nanowire | 20–90 | - | 4.5 s/2.8 s | ITO * | [32] |
TiO2 nanoparticles | 11–97 | 9.7-1900 | 34 s/18 s | CNC | This work |
Adsorption Site | Eads(eV) | Da(Å) | RO-H1 (Å) | RO-H2 (Å) | ∠H-O-H (°) | Band Gap (eV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti5c | −0.693 | 2.313 | 0.984 | 0.980 | 105.103 | 2.491 |
Ti6c | −0.403 | 2.009 | 0.976 | 3.594 | 78.150 | 2.507 |
O2c | −0.603 | 2.786 | 0.979 | 0.979 | 106.205 | 2.511 |
O3c | −0.690 | 2.896 | 0.983 | 0.981 | 104.537 | 2.484 |
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Tong, X.; Wang, H.; Ding, H.; Li, J.; Zhao, H.; Lin, Z.; Xi, H.; Zhang, X. Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Multidimensional Titanium Dioxide/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Film. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12121970
Tong X, Wang H, Ding H, Li J, Zhao H, Lin Z, Xi H, Zhang X. Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Multidimensional Titanium Dioxide/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Film. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(12):1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12121970
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong, Xin, Hong Wang, Huiyang Ding, Jing Li, Huifang Zhao, Zhaoyun Lin, Hongxia Xi, and Xuejin Zhang. 2022. "Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Multidimensional Titanium Dioxide/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composite Film" Nanomaterials 12, no. 12: 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12121970