Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes as Adsorbents with Applications in Water Purification
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fabrication of GO
2.2. Preparation of CS/EDTA Composite Solution
2.3. Preparation of CS/EDTA/GO Films
2.4. Adsorption Experiments
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
4.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
4.3. Sorption Capacity of the Membranes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Najafabadi, H.H.; Irani, M.; Rad, L.R.; Haratameh, A.H.; Haririan, I. Removal of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr6+ from aqueous solutions using a chitosan/graphene oxide composite nanofibrous adsorbent. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 16532–16539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lai, K.C.; Lee, L.Y.; Hiew, B.Y.Z.; Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, S.; Gan, S.Y. Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms. J. Environ. Sci. China 2019, 79, 174–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, H.F.; Xia, G.M.; Huang, W.; Song, R. Microporous spongy chitosan monoliths doped with graphene oxide as highly effective adsorbent for methyl orange and copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)(2)) ions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2014, 416, 243–251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, N.N.; Qiu, H.X.; Si, Y.M.; Wang, W.; Gao, J.P. Fabrication of highly porous biodegradable monoliths strengthened by graphene oxide and their adsorption of metal ions. Carbon 2011, 49, 827–837. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ihsanullah; Abbas, A.; Al-Amer, A.M.; Laoui, T.; Al-Marri, M.J.; Nasser, M.S.; Khraisheh, M.; Atieh, M.A. Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution by advanced carbon nanotubes: Critical review of adsorption applications. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2016, 157, 141–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qu, X.L.; Alvarez, P.J.J.; Li, Q.L. Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. Water Res. 2013, 47, 3931–3946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Z.; Yu, F.; Ma, J. Design of Graphene-based Adsorbents and Its Removal of Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution. Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 2019, 35, 709–724. [Google Scholar]
- Madadrang, C.J.; Kim, H.Y.; Gao, G.H.; Wang, N.; Zhu, J.; Feng, H.; Gorring, M.; Kasner, M.L.; Hou, S.F. Adsorption Behavior of EDTA-Graphene Oxide for Pb (II) Removal. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 1186–1193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, C.Y.; Xu, P.; Lai, C.; Zhang, C.; Zeng, G.M.; Huang, D.L.; Cheng, M.; Hu, L.; Xiong, W.P.; Wen, X.F.; et al. Rational design of graphic carbon nitride copolymers by molecular doping for visible-light-driven degradation of aqueous sulfamethazine and hydrogen evolution. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 359, 186–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.Y.; Wang, A.Q.; Ma, J. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of antibiotics by newly designed C3N4@MnFe2O4-graphene nanocomposites. J. Hazard. Mater. 2017, 336, 81–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yahya, N.; Aziz, F.; Jamaludin, N.A.; Mutalib, M.A.; Ismail, A.F.; Salleh, W.N.W.; Jaafar, J.; Yusof, N.; Ludin, N.A. A review of integrated photocatalyst adsorbents for wastewater treatment. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 7411–7425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Politano, G.G.; Cazzanelli, E.; Versace, C.; Vena, C.; De Santo, M.P.; Castriota, M.; Ciuchi, F.; Bartolino, R. Graphene oxide on magnetron sputtered silver thin films for SERS and metamaterial applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 427, 927–933. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Q.-D.; Cheng, Y.; Li, H.-W.; Guan, Z.; Yu, B.; Li, J.; Tsang, S.-W. Graphene Oxide as Efficient Hole-Transporting Material for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability. J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 9852–9858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, Y.; Tang, J.; Zhang, K.; Yuan, J.; Li, J.; Zhu, D.-M.; Ozawa, K.; Qin, L.-C. Comparison of reduction products from graphite oxide and graphene oxide for anode applications in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 2585–2595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Owens, F.J. Density Functional Modeling of Boron Doped Carbon Nano-Structures as Catalysts in Fuel Cells. Adv. Nanomater. Technol. Energy Sect. 2017, 1, 39–46. [Google Scholar]
- Ficai, A.; Somnez, M.; Ficai, D.; Andronescu, E. Graphene based materials for environmental applications. Adv. Mater. Technol. Environ. Appl. 2017, 1, 79–85. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, L.; Li, Y.H.; Du, Q.J.; Wang, Z.H.; Xia, Y.Z.; Yedinak, E.; Lou, J.; Ci, L.J. High performance agar/graphene oxide composite aerogel for methylene blue removal. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 155, 345–353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Chen, Y.N.; Wei, Y.M. A novel magnetic calcium silicate/graphene oxide composite material for selective adsorption of acridine orange from aqueous solutions. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 34770–34781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lotfi, Z.; Mousavi, H.Z.; Sajjadi, S.M. Covalently bonded double-charged ionic liquid on magnetic graphene oxide as a novel, efficient, magnetically separable and reusable sorbent for extraction of heavy metals from medicine capsules. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 90360–90370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Y.Q.; Chen, L.B.; Bai, H.; Li, L. Graphene oxide-chitosan composite hydrogels as broad-spectrum adsorbents for water purification. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 1992–2001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Crini, G.; Badot, P.M. Application of chitosan, a natural aminopolysaccharide, for dye removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption processes using batch studies: A review of recent literature. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2008, 33, 399–447. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, C.M.; Kim, Y.M.; Kim, K.H.; Wang, D.J.; Su, C.M.; Yoon, Y. Potential utility of graphene-based nano spinel ferrites as adsorbent and photocatalyst for removing organic/inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions: A mini review. Chemosphere 2019, 221, 392–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thomas, V.J.; Ramaswamy, S. Application of Graphene and Graphene Compounds for Environmental Remediation. Sci. Adv. Mater. 2016, 8, 477–500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gonavelli, G.; Chang, C.C.; Ling, Y.C. Facile Synthesis of Smart Magnetic Graphene for Safe Drinking Water: Heavy Metal Removal and Disinfection Control. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2013, 1, 462–472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, H.; Gao, B.; Li, H. Removal of sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions by graphene oxide. J. Hazard. Mater. 2015, 282, 201–207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chowdhury, S.; Das Saha, P. Adsorption of malachite green from aqueous solution by NaOH-modified rice husk: Fixed-bed column studies. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 2013, 32, 633–639. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harijan, D.K.L.; Chandra, V. Polyaniline functionalized graphene sheets for treatment of toxic hexavalent chromium. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 3006–3012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zaaba, N.I.; Foo, K.L.; Hashim, U.; Tan, S.J.; Liu, W.W.; Voon, C.H. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide using Modified Hummers Method: Solvent Influence. Adv. Mater. Process. Technol. Conf. 2017, 184, 469–477. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Croitoru, A.; Oprea, O.; Nicoara, A.; Trusca, R.; Radu, M.; Neacsu, I.; Ficai, D.; Ficai, A.; Andronescu, E. Multifunctional Platforms Based on Graphene Oxide and Natural Products. Med. Lith. 2019, 55, 230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Soltani, S.; Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi, M.; Kharazi, A.Z. Chitosan/graphene and poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/graphene nano-composites for nerve tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2016, 13, 684–690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gea, S.; Sari, J.N.; Bulan, R.; Piliang, A.; Amaturrahim, S.A.; Hutapea, Y.A. Chitosan/graphene oxide biocomposite film from pencil rod. Int. Conf. Innov. Educ. Sci. Cult. 2018, 970. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ziani, K.; Oses, J.; Coma, V.; Mate, J.I. Effect of the presence of glycerol and Tween 20 on the chemical and physical properties of films based on chitosan with different degree of deacetylation. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 2008, 41, 2159–2165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, D.L.; Yan, L.F.; Chen, W.F.; Li, W. Preparation of chitosan/graphene oxide composite film with enhanced mechanical strength in the wet state. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011, 83, 653–658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fujita, S.; Sakairi, N. Water soluble EDTA-linked chitosan as a zwitterionic flocculant for pH sensitive removal of Cu(II) ion. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 10385–10392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yue, L.; Wang, J.; Pan, K.; Zhang, X.M.; Wang, Z.P.; Xia, W.S. Preparation and Characterization of Core/Shell-type Ag/Chitosan Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2011, 32, 1277–1281. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, K.; Ruan, J.; Song, H.; Zhang, J.; Wo, Y.; Guo, S.; Cui, D. Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2011, 6, 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Han, W.; Niu, W.Y.; Sun, B.; Shi, G.C.; Cui, X.Q. Biofabrication of polyphenols stabilized reduced graphene oxide and its anti-tuberculosis activity. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 2016, 165, 305–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cao, L.; Zhang, F.; Wang, Q.G.; Wu, X.F. Fabrication of chitosan/graphene oxide polymer nanofiber and its biocompatibility for cartilage tissue engineering. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater. Biol. Appl. 2017, 79, 697–701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, L.; Jiang, H.; Li, Y.M.; Zimba, B.L.; Yu, X.Z.; Chen, C.; Xiong, G.X.; Wu, Q.Z. Influences on mechanical properties of chitosan nanofibrous membranes induced by incorporating graphene oxide nanosheets. Mater. Res. Express 2019, 6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gurunathan, S.; Han, J.W.; Eppakayala, V.; Kim, J.H. Green synthesis of graphene and its cytotoxic effects in human breast cancer cells. Int. J. Nanomed. 2013, 8, 1015–1027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, J.D.; Wei, L.F.; Yu, C.L.; Fang, W.; Xie, Y.; Zhou, W.Q.; Zhu, L.H. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide/Ag2CO3 photocatalyst and its visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2015, 358, 168–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alam, S.N.; Sharma, N.; Kumar, L. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) by Modified Hummers Method and Its Thermal Reduction to Obtain Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)*. Graphene 2017, 6, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shahzad, A.; Miran, W.; Rasool, K.; Nawaz, M.; Jang, J.; Lim, S.-R.; Lee, D.S. Heavy metals removal by EDTA-functionalized chitosan graphene oxide nanocomposites. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 9764–9771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, X.M.; Tu, Y.F.; Li, L.A.; Shang, S.M.; Tao, X.M. Well-Dispersed Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 1707–1713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Frindy, S.; Primo, A.; Ennajih, H.; Qaiss, A.E.; Bouhfid, R.; Lahcini, M.; Essassi, E.; Garcia, H.; El Kadib, A. Chitosan-graphene oxide films and CO2-dried porous aerogel microspheres: Interfacial interplay and stability. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 167, 297–305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhao, G.X.; Li, J.X.; Ren, X.M.; Chen, C.L.; Wang, X.K. Few-Layered Graphene Oxide Nanosheets As Superior Sorbents for Heavy Metal Ion Pollution Management. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 10454–10462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Huang, T.F.; Zhang, L.; Yu, Q.J.; Hou, L.A. Dopamine crosslinked graphene oxide membrane for simultaneous removal of organic pollutants and trace heavy metals from aqueous solution. Environ. Technol. 2018, 39, 3055–3065. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Croitoru, A.-M.; Ficai, A.; Ficai, D.; Trusca, R.; Dolete, G.; Andronescu, E.; Turculet, S.C. Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes as Adsorbents with Applications in Water Purification. Materials 2020, 13, 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071687
Croitoru A-M, Ficai A, Ficai D, Trusca R, Dolete G, Andronescu E, Turculet SC. Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes as Adsorbents with Applications in Water Purification. Materials. 2020; 13(7):1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071687
Chicago/Turabian StyleCroitoru, Alexa-Maria, Anton Ficai, Denisa Ficai, Roxana Trusca, Georgiana Dolete, Ecaterina Andronescu, and Stefan Claudiu Turculet. 2020. "Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membranes as Adsorbents with Applications in Water Purification" Materials 13, no. 7: 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071687