Potential of Hematologic Parameters in Predicting Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of Participants
2.2. Clinical Information and Relevance
2.3. Statistical Analysis and Model Development
2.4. Model Validation
3. Results
3.1. Non-Hematologic Parameters on 30-Day Mortality
3.2. Hematologic Parameters on 30-Day Mortality
3.3. Prediction Model with Pre- and Postoperative Hematologic and Non-Hematologic Parameters
3.4. Performance of the Selected Prediction Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Long Survival Group | Short Survival Group | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, n (mean) | 324 (46.69 years) | 165 (54.38 years) | <0.001 |
Height, n (mean) | 324 (166.92 cm) | 165 (163.08 cm) | 0.4488 |
Weight, n (mean) | 324 (60.29 kg) | 165 (61.04 kg) | 0.6028 |
Sex (n) | |||
Male | 248 | 119 | |
Female | 76 | 46 | |
0.3381 | |||
ISS, n (mean) | 149 (17.69) | 52 (34) | <0.001 |
GCS, n (mean) | 324 (9.72) | 165 (6.28) | <0.001 |
Long Survival Group | Short Survival Group | p-Value | p Adj | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative, n (Mean) | ||||
RDW | 321 (13.58%) | 164 (14.02%) | 0.016 | 0.346 |
MPV | 312 (8.75 fL) | 162 (8.48 fL) | 0.037 | 0.822 |
WBC | 321 (13.36 × 103/uL) | 164 (13.93 × 103/uL) | 0.367 | 1.000 |
Hemoglobin | 322 (12.98 g/dL) | 164(12.19 g/dL) | <0.001 | 0.012 |
Hematocrit | 322 (37.87%) | 164 (35.8%) | 0.002 | 0.035 |
Platelets | 321 (222.44 × 103/uL) | 164 (192.74 × 103/uL) | <0.001 | 0.017 |
CRP | 288 (7.88 mg/dL) | 122 (12.25 mg/dL) | <0.001 | 0.009 |
Creatinine | 322 (0.94 mg/dL) | 163 (1.13 mg/dL) | 0.046 | 1 |
MCV | 321 (91 fL) | 164 (93.7 fL) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
MCH | 321 (31.16 pg) | 164 (31.92 pg) | <0.001 | 0.015 |
MCHC | 321 (34.24 g/dL) | 164 (34.06 g/dL) | 0.021 | 0.467 |
Postoperative, n (Mean) | ||||
RDW | 321 (13.87%)) | 162 (14.27%)) | 0.015 | 0.323 |
MPV | 312 (8.7 fL) | 160 (8.35 fL) | 0.008 | 0.166 |
WBC | 321 (14.02 × 103/uL) | 162 (14.19 × 103/uL) | 0.632 | 1.000 |
Hemoglobin | 324 (11.98 g/dL) | 162 (11.17 g/dL) | <0.001 | 0.004 |
Hematocrit | 324 (34.92%) | 162 (32.87%) | <0.001 | 0.021 |
Platelets | 324 (183.84 × 103/uL) | 162 (139.11 × 103/uL) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
CRP | 153 (8.09 mg/dL) | 62 (10.84 mg/dL) | 0.055 | 1.000 |
Creatinine | 324 (0.86 mg/dL) | 160 (1.15 mg/dL) | 0.023 | 0.503 |
MCV | 321 (90.69 fL) | 162 (92.14 fL) | 0.003 | 0.055 |
MCH | 321 (31.1 pg) | 162 (31.44 pg) | 0.060 | 1.000 |
MCHC | 321 (34.29 g/dL) | 162 (34.13 g/dL) | 0.039 | 0.867 |
Parameter | Coefficient | Std. Error | Z-Statics | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −7.621 | 3.293 | −2.314 | 0.021 |
Age | 0.048 | 0.020 | 2.391 | 0.017 |
GCS | −0.434 | 0.128 | −3.401 | 0.001 |
ISS | 0.103 | 0.033 | 3.133 | 0.002 |
Pre-Hct | 0.398 | 0.115 | 3.450 | 0.001 |
Post-WBC | −0.115 | 0.061 | −1.904 | 0.057 |
Pre-CRP | −0.111 | 0.069 | −1.605 | 0.108 |
Post-Hgb | −0.815 | 0.272 | −2.996 | 0.003 |
Post-CRP | 0.171 | 0.071 | 2.410 | 0.016 |
Prediction Model | AUC (CI 95%) | Adj. AUC | AIC | AICc | HL (Statistic) | HL (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 60.32 (55.06–65.59) | 60.205 | 615.349 | 615.358 | 8.479 | 0.388 |
GCS | 83.85 (80.16–87.54) | 83.815 | 465.127 | 465.135 | - | - |
ISS | 76.06 (68.53–83.6) | 76.015 | 188.433 | 188.453 | 3.845 | 0.871 |
Age + GCS | 84.2 (80.55–87.85) | 84.115 | 463.669 | 463.694 | 9.149 | 0.330 |
Age + ISS | 80.96 (73.91–88.02) | 80.435 | 182.128 | 182.189 | 11.196 | 0.191 |
GCS + ISS | 80.19 (73.32–87.07) | 79.900 | 182.356 | 182.417 | 11.622 | 0.169 |
Age + GCS + ISS | 82.6 (75.83–89.38) | 81.825 | 177.760 | 177.882 | 8.937 | 0.348 |
Age + GCS + ISS + BHPs | 92.53 (87.84–97.22) | 90.045 | 109.944 | 110.868 | 8.468 | 0.389 |
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Kim, S.B.; Park, Y.; Ahn, J.W.; Sim, J.; Park, J.; Kim, Y.J.; Hwang, S.J.; Sung, K.S.; Lim, J. Potential of Hematologic Parameters in Predicting Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113220
Kim SB, Park Y, Ahn JW, Sim J, Park J, Kim YJ, Hwang SJ, Sung KS, Lim J. Potential of Hematologic Parameters in Predicting Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113220
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sol Bi, Youngjoon Park, Ju Won Ahn, Jeongmin Sim, Jeongman Park, Yu Jin Kim, So Jung Hwang, Kyoung Su Sung, and Jaejoon Lim. 2022. "Potential of Hematologic Parameters in Predicting Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113220