Intracellular Growth Inhibition and Host Immune Modulation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Murine Brucellosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. 3-AT Treatment Inhibits the Intracellular Growth of B. abortus in RAW 264.7 Cells
2.2. 3-AT Treatment Affects ROS Accumulation and NO Production in RAW 264.7 Cells
2.3. Catalase Inhibition by 3-AT Prevents B. abortus from Inducing NF-κB Activation and Modulates Cytokine Secretion in RAW 264.7 Cells
2.4. 3-AT Treatment Enhances Protection in Mice against B. abortus Infection and Reduces Excessive Inflammation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture and Bacterial Growth Conditions
4.3. Cell Viability Assessment Assay
4.4. Bactericidal Assay
4.5. Internalization and Intracellular Growth Assays
4.6. Catalase Activity Assay
4.7. ROS and NO Detection Assay
4.8. Extraction of Nucleus Protein
4.9. Immunoblotting Assay
4.10. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.11. Infection of Mice with B. abortus and Mice Treatment with 3-AT
4.12. CD4+/CD8+ T-Cell Ratio in Peripheral Blood
4.13. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Primer Sequences |
---|---|---|
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | F: 5′-GGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATG -3′ R: 5′-AACCTG GTCCTCAGTGTA-3′ |
IL-6 | Interleukin 6 | F: 5′-ACCACGGCCTTCCCTACTT-3′ |
R: 5′-CATTTCCACGATTTCCCAGA-3′ | ||
IL-10 | Interleukin 10 | F: 5′-CATTTCCACGATTTCCCAGA-3′ |
R: 5′-CATTTCCACGATTTCCCAGA-3′ | ||
IL-12p40 | Interleukin-12 subunit p40 | F: 5′-CTGGTGTCTCCACTCATGGC-3′ |
R: 5′-GCGTGTCACAGGTGAGGTTC-3′ | ||
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha | F: 5′-CAGGTTCTGTCCCTTTCACTCACT-3′ R: 5′-GTTCAGTAGACAGAAGAGCGTGGT-3′ |
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Nguyen, T.T.; Huy, T.X.N.; Aguilar, C.N.T.; Reyes, A.W.B.; Salad, S.A.; Min, W.-G.; Lee, H.-J.; Kim, H.-J.; Lee, J.-H.; Kim, S. Intracellular Growth Inhibition and Host Immune Modulation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Murine Brucellosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417352
Nguyen TT, Huy TXN, Aguilar CNT, Reyes AWB, Salad SA, Min W-G, Lee H-J, Kim H-J, Lee J-H, Kim S. Intracellular Growth Inhibition and Host Immune Modulation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Murine Brucellosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417352
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Trang Thi, Tran Xuan Ngoc Huy, Ched Nicole Turbela Aguilar, Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes, Said Abdi Salad, Won-Gi Min, Hu-Jang Lee, Hyun-Jin Kim, John-Hwa Lee, and Suk Kim. 2023. "Intracellular Growth Inhibition and Host Immune Modulation of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole in Murine Brucellosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17352. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417352