Early Life Short-Term Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl 126 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunction and Microbiota Changes in Adulthood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Early Life PCB 126 Exposure Results in Persistently AHR Activation and Oxidative Stress
2.2. Early Life PCB 126 Exposure Disrupts Liver Global Metabolism in Adulthood
2.3. Early Life PCB 126 Exposure Increases Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Adulthood
2.4. Early Life PCB 126 Exposure Alters Bile Acid Metabolism in Adulthood
2.5. Early Life PCB 126 Persistently Disrupts Bacteria Composition, Gene Expression, and Metabolism
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Diets
4.2. Histological and Immunohistochemical Analyses
4.3. Blood Clinical Biochemistry and Cytokine Analysis
4.4. Fecal Mucin and Serum Lipopolysaccharide Quantification
4.5. Liver Triglyceride and Glutathione Quantification
4.6. Tissue RNA Isolation and Quantitative PCR
4.7. 1H NMR Based Metabolomics Experiments
4.8. Bile Acid Quantitation by UHPLC-MS/MS
4.9. LC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis
4.10. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis
4.11. Metagenomic Analysis
4.12. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tian, Y.; Rimal, B.; Gui, W.; Koo, I.; Yokoyama, S.; Perdew, G.H.; Patterson, A.D. Early Life Short-Term Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl 126 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunction and Microbiota Changes in Adulthood. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 8220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158220
Tian Y, Rimal B, Gui W, Koo I, Yokoyama S, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Early Life Short-Term Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl 126 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunction and Microbiota Changes in Adulthood. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15):8220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158220
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Yuan, Bipin Rimal, Wei Gui, Imhoi Koo, Shigetoshi Yokoyama, Gary H. Perdew, and Andrew D. Patterson. 2022. "Early Life Short-Term Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl 126 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunction and Microbiota Changes in Adulthood" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15: 8220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158220