Distinct Activity of Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzymes MAGL and FAAH in Key Regions of Peripheral and Central Nervous System Implicated in Migraine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Peripheral and Central Activity of the Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzymes MAGL and FAAH
2.1.1. MAGL Activity Prevails at Peripheral Level: Trigeminal Ganglia and Dorsal Root Ganglia
2.1.2. MAGL and FAAH Activity in Brainstem and Spinal Cord
2.1.3. MAGL and FAAH Share the Spotlight at Central Cortical Level
2.2. MAGL has a Key Activity at Peripheral Level
2.3. Inhibition of MAGL and FAAH in Peripheral and Central Nervous Tissues
2.3.1. JJKK-048, KML29 and AKU-005 Block Basal MAGL Activity in Both Peripheral and Central Samples
2.3.2. JZP327A Blocks FAAH Activity in the Cerebral Cortex
3. Discussion
3.1. MAGL and FAAH Activity in Peripheral Nervous Systems
3.2. MAGL and FAAH Activity in the Central Nervous Systems
3.3. Novel Endocannabinoid Hydrolase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Migraine
3.4. Summary
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Animals Dissection
4.3. Activity-Based Protein Profiling of Serine Hydrolases
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2-AG | 2-arachidonoyl glycerol |
ABPP | Activity-based protein profiling |
AEA | N-arachidonoyl ethanol amine, anandamide |
BS | Brainstem |
CB1, CB2 | Cannabinoid receptors 1, 2 |
Cbl | Cerebellum |
cDRG | Cervical dorsal root ganglia |
CECD | Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency |
cerv | Cervical |
CGRP | Calcitonin generelated peptide |
CNS | Central nervous system |
cSC | Cervical dorsal root ganglia |
CSD | Cortical spreading depression |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
DRG | Dorsal root ganglia |
ECS | Endocannabinoid system |
endoCB | Endocannabinoids |
FAAH | Fatty acid amide hydrolase |
FC | Frontal cortex |
lDRG | Lumbar dorsal root ganglia |
lSC | Lumbar spinal cord |
lumb | Lumbar |
MAGL | Monoacylglycerol lipase |
NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
NMDAR | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors |
OC | Occipital cortex |
PACAP | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating enzyme |
PNS | Peripheral nervous system |
TC | Temporal cortex |
TG | Trigeminal ganglia |
TGVS | Trigeminovascular system |
tDRG | Thoracic dorsal root ganglia |
thor | Thoracic |
tSC | Thoracic spinal cord |
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Della Pietra, A.; Giniatullin, R.; Savinainen, J.R. Distinct Activity of Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzymes MAGL and FAAH in Key Regions of Peripheral and Central Nervous System Implicated in Migraine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031204
Della Pietra A, Giniatullin R, Savinainen JR. Distinct Activity of Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzymes MAGL and FAAH in Key Regions of Peripheral and Central Nervous System Implicated in Migraine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(3):1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031204
Chicago/Turabian StyleDella Pietra, Adriana, Rashid Giniatullin, and Juha R. Savinainen. 2021. "Distinct Activity of Endocannabinoid-Hydrolyzing Enzymes MAGL and FAAH in Key Regions of Peripheral and Central Nervous System Implicated in Migraine" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031204