Effect of Periodontitis and Scaling and Root Planing on Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer: A Nested Case—Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Study Design and Patient Selection
2.3. Management of Periodontitis before Index Date
2.4. Other Factors Associated with Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Study Subjects
3.2. Effect of Periodontitis or SRP on the Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer
3.3. Effect of Periodontitis or SRP on the Risk on Anatomic Location of Cancer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Control | Pharyngeal Cancer | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
N | 2584 | 1292 | |
Age at index date | 0.927 | ||
<40 | 491 (19.00%) | 246 (19.04%) | |
40–59 | 1460 (56.50%) | 740 (57.28%) | |
60–79 | 581 (22.48%) | 283 (21.90%) | |
≥80 | 52 (2.01%) | 23 (1.78%) | |
Sex | 0.656 | ||
Female | 643 (24.88%) | 330 (25.54%) | |
Male | 1941 (75.12%) | 962 (74.46%) | |
Urbanization | 0.867 | ||
Urban | 1415 (54.76%) | 707 (54.72%) | |
Sub-urban | 829 (32.08%) | 422 (32.66%) | |
Rural | 340 (13.16%) | 163 (12.62%) | |
Co-morbidities ‡ | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 356 (13.78%) | 170 (13.16%) | 0.596 |
Hypertension | 689 (26.66%) | 336 (26.01%) | 0.662 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 454 (17.57%) | 215 (16.64%) | 0.471 |
Chronic kidney disease | 73 (2.83%) | 44 (3.41%) | 0.319 |
Depression | 35 (1.35%) | 20 (1.55%) | 0.631 |
Stroke | 106 (4.10%) | 58 (4.49%) | 0.573 |
Ulcer of esophagus | 215 (8.32%) | 107 (8.28%) | 0.967 |
Allergies | 850 (32.89%) | 414 (32.04%) | 0.594 |
COPD | 342 (13.24%) | 164 (12.69%) | 0.637 |
Hepatitis | 321 (12.42%) | 169 (13.08%) | 0.561 |
HPV | 95(3.68%) | 51(3.95%) | 0.676 |
Amount of medical utilization † | |||
Length of hospital stay (days) | 0.772 | ||
0 | 2289 (88.58%) | 1137 (88.00%) | |
1–13 | 236 (9.13%) | 121 (9.37%) | |
≥14 | 59 (2.28%) | 34 (2.63%) | |
Time of dental visit | 0.289 | ||
0 | 1592 (61.61%) | 763 (59.06%) | |
1–2 | 542 (20.98%) | 284 (21.98%) | |
≥3 | 450 (17.41%) | 245 (18.96%) |
Variables | Control | Pharyngeal Cancer | OR for Model 1 | OR for Model 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
History of periodontitis | ||||
Non-periodontitis | 939 (67.12%) | 460 (32.88%) | Reference | Reference |
<3 years | 186 (58.13%) | 134 (41.88%) | 1.65 (1.24–2.20) * | 1.57 (1.17–2.10) * |
≥3 years | 1459 (67.64%) | 698 (32.36%) | 1.20 (0.96–1.50) | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) |
Total amount of SRP within 6 years before index date | ||||
0 | 897 (65.47%) | 473 (34.53%) | Reference | |
1 | 459 (65.38%) | 243 (34.62%) | 0.84 (0.66–1.06) | |
2 | 338 (65.00%) | 182 (35.00%) | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | |
3 | 255 (67.64%) | 122 (32.36%) | 0.78 (0.57–1.05) | |
4 | 196 (72.32%) | 75 (27.68%) | 0.63 (0.45–0.89) * | |
5 | 139 (66.51%) | 70 (33.49%) | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | |
≥6 | 300 (70.26%) | 127 (29.74%) | 0.70 (0.51–0.95) * | |
Utilization of dental scaling | ||||
No use within 6 years | 964 (65.49%) | 508 (34.51%) | Reference | |
Only use in period 1 | 390 (62.9%) | 230 (37.10%) | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | |
Only use in period 2 | 367 (69.64%) | 160 (30.36%) | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) * | |
Use in both periods | 863 (68.66%) | 394 (31.34%) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) * |
Variables | aOR (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Oropharynx Cancer | Nasopharynx Cancer | Hypopharynx Cancer | |
History of periodontitis | |||
Non-periodontitis | Reference | Reference | Reference |
<3 years | 2.22 (1.07–4.60) * | 1.38 (0.98–1.98) | 1.93 (0.92–4.05) |
≥3 years | 1.52 (0.89–2.59) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 1.19 (0.73–1.96) |
Utilization of SRP | |||
No use within 6 years | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Only use in period 1 | 0.57 (0.32–1.03) | 1.29 (0.95–1.74) | 0.43 (0.23–0.83) * |
Only use in period 2 | 0.47 (0.25–0.90) * | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 0.58 (0.31–1.09) |
Use in both periods | 0.50 (0.28–0.89) * | 1.13 (0.85–1.50) | 0.26 (0.14–0.47) * |
History for Periodontitis | Dental Scaling | Control | Pharyngeal Cancer | aOR |
---|---|---|---|---|
<3 years | No use | 28 (51.85%) | 26 (48.15%) | 1.85 (1.07–3.19) * |
Only in period 1 | 126 (57.8%) | 92 (42.20%) | 1.47 (1.09–1.98) * | |
Only in period 2 | 3 (100.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
In both periods | 29 (64.44%) | 16 (35.56%) | 1.12 (0.60–2.09) | |
≥3 years | No use | 148 (61.41%) | 93 (38.59%) | 1.29 (0.96–1.72) |
Only in period 1 | 199 (65.03%) | 107 (34.97%) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | |
Only in period 2 | 315 (70.00%) | 135 (30.00%) | 0.87 (0.69–1.11) | |
In both periods | 797 (68.71%) | 363 (31.29%) | 0.92 (0.78–1.10) | |
Non-periodontitis | No use | 788 (66.95%) | 389 (33.05%) | Reference |
Only in period 1 | 65 (67.71%) | 31 (32.29%) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | |
Only in period 2 | 49 (66.22%) | 25 (33.78%) | 1.02 (0.62–1.69) | |
In both periods | 37 (71.15%) | 15 (28.85%) | 0.80 (0.43–1.49) |
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Chen, P.-J.; Chen, Y.-Y.; Lin, C.-W.; Yeh, Y.-T.; Yeh, H.-W.; Huang, J.-Y.; Yang, S.-F.; Yeh, C.-B. Effect of Periodontitis and Scaling and Root Planing on Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer: A Nested Case—Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010008
Chen P-J, Chen Y-Y, Lin C-W, Yeh Y-T, Yeh H-W, Huang J-Y, Yang S-F, Yeh C-B. Effect of Periodontitis and Scaling and Root Planing on Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer: A Nested Case—Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(1):8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010008
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Ping-Ju, Yin-Yang Chen, Chiao-Wen Lin, Ying-Tung Yeh, Han-Wei Yeh, Jing-Yang Huang, Shun-Fa Yang, and Chao-Bin Yeh. 2021. "Effect of Periodontitis and Scaling and Root Planing on Risk of Pharyngeal Cancer: A Nested Case—Control Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010008