The Association Between Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Deep Neck Infection: Real-World Evidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Study Cohort
2.3. Comparison Cohort
2.4. Outcome and Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics of Cirrhosis and Noncirrhosis Groups
3.2. Cumulative Incidence of DNI in the Study and Comparison Cohorts
3.3. Decompensated Cirrhosis as an Independent Risk Factor for DNI
3.4. Treatment Modalities and Mortalities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | DLC | Non-Cirrhosis | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 33175) | (n = 33175) | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
Gender | 1.000 | ||||
Male | 24,320 | 73.3 | 24,320 | 73.3 | |
Female | 8855 | 26.7 | 8855 | 26.7 | |
Age (years) | 1.000 | ||||
<40 | 6851 | 20.7 | 6851 | 20.7 | |
40–64 | 20,099 | 60.6 | 20,099 | 60.6 | |
≥65 | 6225 | 18.8 | 6225 | 18.8 | |
Urbanized level | 1.000 | ||||
1 (City) | 6611 | 19.9 | 6611 | 19.9 | |
2 | 14,317 | 43.2 | 14,317 | 43.2 | |
3 | 6377 | 19.2 | 6377 | 19.2 | |
4 (Villages) | 5870 | 17.7 | 5870 | 17.7 | |
Income (NTD per month) | 1.000 | ||||
0 | 4764 | 14.4 | 4764 | 14.4 | |
1–15,840 | 7212 | 21.7 | 7212 | 21.7 | |
15,841–25,000 | 16,446 | 49.6 | 16,446 | 49.6 | |
≥25,001 | 4753 | 14.3 | 4753 | 14.3 | |
Covariates | |||||
Autoimmune disease | 887 | 2.7 | 610 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 12,441 | 37.5 | 5316 | 16.0 | <0.001 |
ESRD | 848 | 2.56 | 347 | 1.05 | <0.001 |
DNI | 242 | 0.7 | 82 | 0.3 | <0.001 |
Death | <0.001 | ||||
Yes | 23,066 | 69.53 | 1957 | 5.9 | |
No | 10,109 | 30.5 | 31,758 | 94.1 |
Variables | Crude | 95% CI | p Value | Adjusted | 95% CI | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | HR * | |||||||
DLC vs. Non-cirrhosis | ||||||||
Non-cirrhosis | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
DLC | 4.91 | 3.81 | 6.32 | <0.001 | 4.11 | 3.16 | 5.35 | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Male | 1.09 | 0.85 | 1.40 | 0.487 | 1.08 | 0.83 | 1.42 | 0.591 |
Age (years) | ||||||||
<40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
40–64 | 1.07 | 0.82 | 1.39 | 0.636 | 1.03 | 0.78 | 1.36 | 0.838 |
≥65 | 0.74 | 0.50 | 1.09 | 0.122 | 0.78 | 0.51 | 1.18 | 0.230 |
Covariates | ||||||||
Autoimmune disease | 1.04 | 0.51 | 2.09 | 0.919 | 0.86 | 0.42 | 1.73 | 0.668 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2.63 | 2.12 | 3.28 | <0.001 | 1.81 | 1.44 | 2.29 | <0.001 |
ESRD | 1.61 | 0.80 | 3.24 | 0.186 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 2.02 | 0.994 |
DLC-DNI | Non-Cirrhosis-DNI | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 242 | n = 82 | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
Treatment modalities * | 0.245 | ||||
Non-surgery | 152 | 62.8 | 57 | 69.5 | |
Surgery | 90 | 37.2 | 25 | 30.5 | |
Severity * | |||||
Tracheostomy | 19 | 7.9 | 5 | 6.1 | 0.600 |
Hospitalization † (day) | 14.3 ± 15.1 | 12.5 ± 15.9 | 0.349 | ||
ICU care | 46 | 19.0 | 7 | 8.5 | 0.027 |
Mediastinitis | 9 | 3.7 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.461 |
Mortality | 28 | 11.6 | 8 | 9.8 | 0.651 |
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Share and Cite
Tsai, M.-S.; Chang, G.-H.; Chen, W.-M.; Liu, C.-Y.; Lin, M.-H.; Chang, P.-J.; Huang, T.-Y.; Tsai, Y.-T.; Wu, C.-Y.; Hsu, C.-M.; et al. The Association Between Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Deep Neck Infection: Real-World Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203863
Tsai M-S, Chang G-H, Chen W-M, Liu C-Y, Lin M-H, Chang P-J, Huang T-Y, Tsai Y-T, Wu C-Y, Hsu C-M, et al. The Association Between Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Deep Neck Infection: Real-World Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203863
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Ming-Shao, Geng-He Chang, Wei-Ming Chen, Chia-Yen Liu, Meng-Hung Lin, Pey-Jium Chang, Tsung-Yu Huang, Yao-Te Tsai, Ching-Yuan Wu, Cheng-Ming Hsu, and et al. 2019. "The Association Between Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Deep Neck Infection: Real-World Evidence" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3863. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203863