Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Tissue Factor Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Controls
2.2. Routine Laboratory Parameters
2.3. Extracellular Vesicle Isolation
2.4. Extracellular-Vesicle-Associated Tissue Factor Activity and Cell-Based Tissue Factor Activity
2.5. Clotting Assay
2.6. Cell Culture
2.7. Flow Cytometry
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics and Routine Laboratory Parameters
3.2. Patient Case
3.3. EV-TF Activity
3.4. Plasma Clotting
3.5. Co-Incubation of Conditioned Media from Prostate Cancer Cell Lines with PBMCs and Platelets
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Parameter, (Median, Range) | Prostate Cancer with DIC (n = 7) | Prostate Cancer without DIC (n = 10) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 70 (53–73) | 66 (49–69) | 0.48 |
Gleason Score | 7 (6–9) | 7 (7–8) | 0.88 |
Castration resistance Low dose anticoagulation | 7 2 | 9 0 | |
Bleeding at inclusion | 4 | 0 | |
Gastrointestinal | 3 | 0 | |
Subarachnoidal | 2 | 0 | |
Stroke at inclusion | 1 | 0 |
Laboratory Parameter (Median, Range) | Prostate Cancer Patients with DIC (n = 7) | Prostate Cancer Patients without DIC (n = 10) | Healthy Controls (n = 10) | p-Value Patients with DIC Versus Patients without DIC | p-Value Patients with DIC Versus Healthy Controls | p-Value Patients without DIC Versus Healthy Controls |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Routine parameter: Thrombocyte count, ×103/μL | 36 (24 to 119) | 244.50 (177 to 528) | 213.50 (172 to 326) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.273 |
Leukocyte count, ×109/L | 5.69 (2.56 to 26.59) | 7.36 (4.22 to 9.59) | 5.95 (4.45 to 8.71) | 0.040 | 0.354 | 0.131 |
Fibrinogen, % | 99 (55 to 178) | 379 (299 to 662) | 331 (245 to 402) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.130 |
Prothrombin time, % | 60 (50 to 70) | 105 (86 to 124) | 98 (94 to 104) | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.462 |
aPTT, s | 47.9 (40.0 to 65.20) | 34.7 (24.5 to 40.6) | 34.35 (29.70 to 36.6) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.940 |
D-Dimer, ng/mL | 44.83 (10.65 to 314.29) | 0.53 (0.20 to 2.55) | 0.39 (0.27 to 0.69) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.362 |
PSA, ng/mL | 264.7 (110.0 to 5000) | 15 (0.5 to 680) | 1.90 (0.97 to 2.81) | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.043 |
CRP, ng/mL | 5.53 (1.17 to 53.20) | 0.54 (0.07 to 4.20) | 0.19 (0.03 to 0.53) | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.050 |
Experimental parameters: | ||||||
EV-TF activity, pg/mL | 11.40 (4.34 to 27.06) | 0.09 (0.00 to 0.30) | 0.18 (0.09 to 0.54) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.096 |
Fibrin clot formation time, s | 346 (244.3 to 775) | 948 (704 to 1312) | 900 (583 to 1067) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.496 |
Fibrin clot formation time + anti-TF antibody, s | 920 s (725.5 to 1177) | 975.5 (393 to 1640) | 809 (591 to 1187) | 0.669 | 0.161 | 0.104 |
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Hell, L.; Däullary, T.; Burghart, V.; Mauracher, L.-M.; Grilz, E.; Moser, B.; Kramer, G.; Schmid, J.A.; Ay, C.; Pabinger, I.; et al. Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Tissue Factor Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Cancers 2021, 13, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071487
Hell L, Däullary T, Burghart V, Mauracher L-M, Grilz E, Moser B, Kramer G, Schmid JA, Ay C, Pabinger I, et al. Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Tissue Factor Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Cancers. 2021; 13(7):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071487
Chicago/Turabian StyleHell, Lena, Thomas Däullary, Vanessa Burghart, Lisa-Marie Mauracher, Ella Grilz, Bernhard Moser, Gero Kramer, Johannes A. Schmid, Cihan Ay, Ingrid Pabinger, and et al. 2021. "Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Tissue Factor Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation" Cancers 13, no. 7: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071487