Gastric Cancer Risk Prediction Using an Epidemiological Risk Assessment Model and Polygenic Risk Score
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. General Characteristics
2.2. Association between the GC Risk Assessment Model, PRS, and Their Combined Score (PRS-GCS) and GC Risk
2.3. Discrimination Results for the GC Risk Assessment Model, PRS, and Their Combined Score (PRS-GCS)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Subjects and Genotyping
4.2. SNP Selection
4.3. Risk Factors Used in the Gastric Cancer Risk Assessment Model
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Gastric Cancer Patients | Controls | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
(N = 450) | (N = 1136) | ||
Sex | <0.001 | ||
Male | 297 (66.0%) | 539 (47.4%) | |
Female | 153 (34.0%) | 597 (52.6%) | |
Age, Mean (SD) | 55.4 (10.7) | 52.1 (8.5) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 0.263 | ||
<18.5 | 12 (2.7%) | 28 (2.5%) | |
18.5–22.9 | 167 (37.1%) | 432 (38.0%) | |
23.0–24.9 | 121 (26.9%) | 308 (27.1%) | |
≥25 | 133 (29.6%) | 347 (30.5%) | |
Missing | 17 (3.8%) | 21 (1.8%) | |
Family history of cancer | 0.168 | ||
No | 227 (50.4%) | 561 (49.4%) | |
Yes | 206 (45.8%) | 550 (48.4%) | |
Missing | 17 (3.8%) | 25 (2.2%) | |
Meal regularity | 0.022 | ||
Regular | 349 (77.6%) | 852 (75.0%) | |
Irregular | 85 (18.9%) | 264 (23.2%) | |
Missing | 16 (3.6%) | 20 (1.8%) | |
Salt preference | <0.001 | ||
Not salty | 46 (10.2%) | 233 (20.5%) | |
Intermediate | 245 (54.4%) | 754 (66.4%) | |
Salty | 143 (31.8%) | 128 (11.3%) | |
Missing | 16 (3.6%) | 21 (1.8%) | |
Meal preference | <0.001 | ||
Vegetables | 205 (45.6%) | 679 (59.8%) | |
Mixed | 130 (28.9%) | 262 (23.1%) | |
Meat | 98 (21.8%) | 174 (15.3%) | |
Missing | 17 (3.8%) | 21 (1.8%) | |
Meat consumption frequency (per week) | 0.001 | ||
<1 times | 73 (16.2%) | 206 (18.1%) | |
2–3 times | 225 (50.0%) | 646 (56.9%) | |
≥4 times | 130 (28.9%) | 260 (22.9%) | |
Missing | 22 (4.9%) | 24 (2.1%) | |
Alcohol consumption (g/day) | <0.001 | ||
0 | 144 (32.0%) | 430 (37.9%) | |
1–14.9 | 137 (30.4%) | 444 (39.1%) | |
15–24.9 | 36 (8.0%) | 107 (9.4%) | |
25 or more | 115 (25.6%) | 136 (12.0%) | |
Missing | 18 (4.0%) | 19 (1.7%) | |
Smoking amount | <0.001 | ||
Never | 647 (57.0%) | 170 (37.8%) | |
Ex-smoker | 286 (25.2%) | 132 (29.3%) | |
0.5 pack currently | 23 (2.0%) | 8 (1.8%) | |
0.5–1 pack currently | 72 (6.3%) | 33 (7.3%) | |
1 pack currently | 86 (7.6%) | 88 (19.6%) | |
Missing | 22 (1.9%) | 19 (4.2%) | |
Physical activity | 0.009 | ||
None | 216 (48.0%) | 481 (42.3%) | |
Low | 92 (20.4%) | 217 (19.1%) | |
Moderate to high | 126 (28.0%) | 413 (36.4%) | |
Missing | 16 (3.6%) | 25 (2.2%) | |
Helicobacter pylori infection | |||
Negative | 38 (8.4%) | 453 (39.9%) | <0.001 |
Positive | 376 (83.6%) | 622 (54.7%) | |
Equivocal | 36 (8.0%) | 61 (5.4%) |
Prediction Model Score | Total | Male | Female | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Gastric cancer prediction model score | ||||||
1st tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2nd tertile | 1.74 | (1.31–2.30) | 1.46 | (1.02–2.10) | 2.18 | (1.39–3.47) |
3rd tertile | 2.10 | (1.60–2.77) | 2.21 | (1.55–3.16) | 1.95 | (1.24–3.10) |
Polygenic risk score | ||||||
1st tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2nd tertile | 1.42 | (1.10–1.82) | 1.28 | (0.93–1.77) | 1.79 | (1.18–2.72) |
3rd tertile | 2.03 | (1.51–2.72) | 1.84 | (1.25–2.70) | 2.55 | (1.58–4.11) |
Gastric cancer prediction model score + polygenic risk score | ||||||
1st tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2nd tertile | 1.48 | (1.11–1.97) | 1.28 | (0.89–1.85) | 1.93 | (1.20–3.15) |
3rd tertile | 2.53 | (1.92–3.34) | 2.60 | (1.83–3.71) | 2.67 | (1.68–4.31) |
Helicobacter pylori infection 1 | ||||||
Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Positive | 7.12 | (5.04–10.33) | 5.48 | (3.54–8.81) | 8.99 | (5.13–17.08) |
Prediction Model Score | Total | Helicobacter pylori Infection Negative | Helicobacter pylori Infection Positive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Gastric cancer prediction model score | ||||||
1st tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2nd tertile | 1.74 | (1.31–2.30) | 2.61 | (0.97–7.75) | 1.43 | (1.04–1.98) |
3rd tertile | 2.10 | (1.60–2.77) | 4.15 | (1.73–11.56) | 1.99 | (1.45–2.75) |
Weighted polygenic risk score | ||||||
1st tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2nd tertile | 1.42 | (1.10–1.82) | 1.28 | (0.61–2.63) | 1.38 | (1.03–1.85) |
3rd tertile | 2.03 | (1.51–2.72) | 1.07 | (0.37–1.68) | 2.19 | (1.55–3.10) |
Gastric cancer prediction model score + Weighted polygenic risk score | ||||||
1st tertile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2nd tertile | 1.48 | (1.11–1.97) | 1.20 | (0.48–3.01) | 1.46 | (1.05–2.04) |
3rd tertile | 2.53 | (1.92–3.34) | 2.52 | (1.15–5.85) | 2.43 | (1.76–3.38) |
Prediction Model Score | Total | Helicobacter pylori Infection Negative | Helicobacter pylori Infection Positive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC | 95% CI | AUC | 95% CI | AUC | 95% CI | |
Gastric cancer prediction model score | 0.580 | (0.549–0.612) | 0.665 | (0.563–0.767) | 0.574 | (0.537–0.611) |
Polygenic risk score | 0.565 | (0.535–0.596) | 0.510 | (0.411–0.609) | 0.574 | (0.539–0.610) |
Gastric cancer prediction model score + Polygenic risk score | 0.607 | (0.576–0.638) | 0.605 | (0.503–0.708) | 0.605 | (0.569–0.642) |
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Park, B.; Yang, S.; Lee, J.; Choi, I.J.; Kim, Y.-I.; Kim, J. Gastric Cancer Risk Prediction Using an Epidemiological Risk Assessment Model and Polygenic Risk Score. Cancers 2021, 13, 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040876
Park B, Yang S, Lee J, Choi IJ, Kim Y-I, Kim J. Gastric Cancer Risk Prediction Using an Epidemiological Risk Assessment Model and Polygenic Risk Score. Cancers. 2021; 13(4):876. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040876
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Boyoung, Sarah Yang, Jeonghee Lee, Il Ju Choi, Young-Il Kim, and Jeongseon Kim. 2021. "Gastric Cancer Risk Prediction Using an Epidemiological Risk Assessment Model and Polygenic Risk Score" Cancers 13, no. 4: 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040876