Figure 1.
PDF of inter-story drift with limits and .
Figure 1.
PDF of inter-story drift with limits and .
Figure 2.
Flowchart of the alternative probabilistic approach.
Figure 2.
Flowchart of the alternative probabilistic approach.
Figure 3.
(a) Plan, (b) Elevation. Structural configurations of the reinforced concrete and steel buildings.
Figure 3.
(a) Plan, (b) Elevation. Structural configurations of the reinforced concrete and steel buildings.
Figure 4.
Ground motion selection process.
Figure 4.
Ground motion selection process.
Figure 5.
Ground motion selection for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to a return period of 72 years with respect to the reinforced concrete building.
Figure 5.
Ground motion selection for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to a return period of 72 years with respect to the reinforced concrete building.
Figure 6.
Ground motion selection for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to a return period of 475 years with respect to the reinforced concrete building.
Figure 6.
Ground motion selection for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to a return period of 475 years with respect to the reinforced concrete building.
Figure 7.
Ground motion selection for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to a return period of 2475 years with respect to the reinforced concrete building.
Figure 7.
Ground motion selection for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to a return period of 2475 years with respect to the reinforced concrete building.
Figure 8.
(a) Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, (b) Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, (c) Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone A.
Figure 8.
(a) Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, (b) Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, (c) Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone A.
Figure 9.
(a) Culiacan, Sinaloa, (b) Villahermosa, Tabasco. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone B.
Figure 9.
(a) Culiacan, Sinaloa, (b) Villahermosa, Tabasco. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone B.
Figure 10.
(a) Agua Prieta, Sonora, (b) Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone C.
Figure 10.
(a) Agua Prieta, Sonora, (b) Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone C.
Figure 11.
(a) Mexicali, Baja California, (b) Chilpancingo, Guerrero, (c) Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone D.
Figure 11.
(a) Mexicali, Baja California, (b) Chilpancingo, Guerrero, (c) Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca. Mean of the maximum inter-story drift response for each level of the steel and reinforced concrete structural model for seismic zone D.
Figure 12.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Agua Prieta, Sonora (seismic zone C).
Figure 12.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Agua Prieta, Sonora (seismic zone C).
Figure 13.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas (seismic zone A).
Figure 13.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas (seismic zone A).
Figure 14.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Villahermosa, Tabasco (seismic zone B).
Figure 14.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Villahermosa, Tabasco (seismic zone B).
Figure 15.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Chilpancingo, Guerrero (seismic zone D).
Figure 15.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Chilpancingo, Guerrero (seismic zone D).
Figure 16.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Culiacan, Sinaloa (seismic zone B).
Figure 16.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Culiacan, Sinaloa (seismic zone B).
Figure 17.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Guadalajara, Jalisco (seismic zone C).
Figure 17.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Guadalajara, Jalisco (seismic zone C).
Figure 18.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Merida, Yucatan (seismic zone A).
Figure 18.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Merida, Yucatan (seismic zone A).
Figure 19.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Mexicali, Baja California (seismic zone D).
Figure 19.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Mexicali, Baja California (seismic zone D).
Figure 20.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca (seismic zone D).
Figure 20.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca (seismic zone D).
Figure 21.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Torreon, Coahuila (seismic zone A).
Figure 21.
Mean reliability index for steel and reinforced concrete buildings located at Torreon, Coahuila (seismic zone A).
Table 1.
Period of vibration of buildings.
Table 1.
Period of vibration of buildings.
City | Reinforced Concrete (s) | Steel (s) |
---|
Agua Prieta, Sonora | 1.6828 | 1.196 |
Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas | 1.8024 | 1.162 |
Culiacan, Sinaloa | 1.8024 | 1.2846 |
Mexicali, Baja California | 0.8416 | 1.1115 |
Torreon, Coahuila | 1.8024 | 1.1929 |
Chilpancingo, Guerrero | 0.9057 | 1.2950 |
Guadalajara, Jalisco | 1.5675 | 1.3042 |
Mérida, Yucatan | 1.8024 | 1.3042 |
Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca | 1.2745 | 1.2772 |
Villahermosa, Tabasco | 1.6136 | 1.3042 |
Table 2.
Location and corresponding seismic zone of buildings.
Table 2.
Location and corresponding seismic zone of buildings.
City | Seismic Zone | Location on Map |
---|
Agua Prieta, Sonora | C | |
Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas | A |
Culiacan, Sinaloa | B |
Mexicali, Baja California | D |
Torreon, Coahuila | A |
Chilpancingo, Guerrero | D |
Guadalajara, Jalisco | C |
Merida, Yucatan | A |
Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca | D |
Villahermosa, Tabasco | B |
Table 3.
Selection of ground motions based on performance levels.
Table 3.
Selection of ground motions based on performance levels.
Selected Ground Motions |
---|
Probability of Exceedance | Return Period (Years) | Performance Level |
---|
50% in 50 years | 72 | IO |
10% in 50 years | 475 | LS |
2% in 50 years | 2475 | CP |
Table 4.
Relevant information of selected ground motions for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to the reinforced concrete building.
Table 4.
Relevant information of selected ground motions for Agua Prieta, Sonora, corresponding to the reinforced concrete building.
Ground Motion | Performance Level | Station Name | Magnitude | Scale Factor |
---|
Earthquake 1 | IO | Cerro de Piedra | 4.90 | 0.88 |
Earthquake 2 | IO | La Venta | 6.80 | 0.88 |
Earthquake 3 | IO | Mesa Vibradora | 6.30 | 0.87 |
Earthquake 4 | IO | Huamuxtitlan | 6.4 | 1.0 |
Earthquake 5 | IO | Texcoco Chimalhuacan | 6.30 | 1.0 |
Earthquake 6 | IO | Sismex Ciudad Universitaria | 6.40 | 0.74 |
Earthquake 7 | IO | Ciudad Serdan | 6.5 | 1.5 |
Earthquake 8 | IO | Chila de las Flores | 6.5 | 1.1 |
Earthquake 9 | IO | Las Mesas | 6.80 | 0.88 |
Earthquake 10 | IO | Sismex Hospital ABC | 7.00 | 1.1 |
Earthquake 11 | IO | Mezontepec | 6.5 | 1.4 |
Earthquake 12 | LS | Papanoa | 6.80 | 1.3 |
Earthquake 13 | LS | Cerro de Piedra | 4.70 | 0.84 |
Earthquake 14 | LS | El Ocotito | 6.80 | 1.1 |
Earthquake 15 | LS | Las Canteras | 6.5 | 1.1 |
Earthquake 16 | LS | Atoyac | 6.80 | 1.4 |
Earthquake 17 | LS | Apatzingan | 6.10 | 1.9 |
Earthquake 18 | LS | Caleta de Campos | 6.20 | 1.6 |
Earthquake 19 | LS | San Marcos | 6.20 | 1.1 |
Earthquake 20 | LS | Las Vigas | 6.30 | 1.6 |
Earthquake 21 | LS | San Luis de la Loma 2 | 6.1 | 0.93 |
Earthquake 22 | LS | San Martin los Canseco | 6.5 | 1.3 |
Earthquake 23 | CP | Las Negras | 6.5 | 0.94 |
Earthquake 24 | CP | La Union | 6.80 | 0.96 |
Earthquake 25 | CP | Rio Grande | 6.5 | 1.5 |
Earthquake 26 | CP | Caleta de Campos | 6.5 | 0.85 |
Earthquake 27 | CP | Aeropuerto Zihuatanejo | 6.30 | 1.0 |
Earthquake 28 | CP | Petatlan II | 7.2 | 2.1 |
Earthquake 29 | CP | Sicartsa Aceracion | 7.00 | 1.4 |
Earthquake 30 | CP | San Marcos | 6.30 | 1.2 |
Earthquake 31 | CP | Caleta de Campos | 6.80 | 0.99 |
Earthquake 32 | CP | Villita Margen Derecha | 6.80 | 1.4 |
Earthquake 33 | CP | Chilpancingo | 6.30 | 0.72 |
Table 5.
Permissible inter-story drift for performance level (FEMA-350, 2000).
Table 5.
Permissible inter-story drift for performance level (FEMA-350, 2000).
Return Period (Years) | Performance Level | Permissible Inter-Story Drift |
---|
72 | IO | ±0.007 |
475 | LS | ±0.025 |
2475 | CP | ±0.050 |
Table 6.
Probability distribution functions for every building and location.
Table 6.
Probability distribution functions for every building and location.
Location | Steel Buildings | Reinforced Concrete Buildings |
---|
IO | LS | CP | IO | LS | CP |
---|
Agua Prieta, Sonora | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV |
Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV |
Villahermosa, Tabasco | Stable | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV |
Chilpancingo, Guerrero | Stable | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV |
Culiacan, Sinaloa | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV |
Guadalajara, Jalisco | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | Stable |
Merida, Yucatan | tLS | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | Stable |
Mexicali, Baja California | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | Stable | GEV |
Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca | Stable | GEV | GEV | GEV | Stable | GEV |
Torreon, Coahuila | tLS | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV | GEV |