CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CD105 Is Expressed in Both STICs and Ovarian Cancer Cells That Metastasize to the Ovary
2.2. Elevated CD105 Expression on Ovarian Cancer Cells Enriches Functional Networks Associated with Vascular Invasion and Metastasis
2.3. CD105(+) but Not CD105(−) Cells Hematogenously Metastasize to the Ovary
2.4. CD105 as a Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
2.5. CD105 Inhibition Downregulates TGF-β Signaling
2.6. CD105 Neutralizing Antibody Therapy Inhibits Ovarian Metastasis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Human Tumor Samples
4.2. Cell Culture and Antibodies
4.3. CD105 shRNA Knockdown
4.4. ECMatrix Cell Migration Assay
4.5. CD105(−/+) Cell Isolation
4.6. Cell Growth and Proliferation Assay
4.7. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Flow Cytometry, Immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR
4.8. Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer
4.9. Therapeutic Studies
4.10. Pathway Enrichment Analysis of Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines and TCGA Ovarian Cancer Dataset
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bai, S.; Zhu, W.; Coffman, L.; Vlad, A.; Schwartz, L.E.; Elishaev, E.; Drapkin, R.; Buckanovich, R.J. CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary. Cancers 2019, 11, 1710. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111710
Bai S, Zhu W, Coffman L, Vlad A, Schwartz LE, Elishaev E, Drapkin R, Buckanovich RJ. CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1710. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111710
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Shoumei, Wanhong Zhu, Lan Coffman, Anda Vlad, Lauren E. Schwartz, Esther Elishaev, Ronny Drapkin, and Ronald J. Buckanovich. 2019. "CD105 Is Expressed in Ovarian Cancer Precursor Lesions and Is Required for Metastasis to the Ovary" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1710. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111710