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CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 270 - 279, 18.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1041637

Abstract

Most of the traditional houses in western Anatolia are a type of hımış (traditional timber frame) structure. Deterioration of these traditional houses is mostly due to their abandonment. Abandonment causes the structure’s load-bearing system vulnerable to environmental effects and ultimately weakens the structure against seismic loads. A case study is performed on the Orhaneli houses. Building-scale suggestions are proposed towards the conservation of these houses based on the performed analysis and documentation. The results of simplified limit analysis of 20 houses utilized in this study are presented and the need for finite element modeling of these structures with sophisticated connection detailing is underlined. It is observed that the majority of examined houses are resilient for the seismic events of 50% probability of exceedance in 50 years, however, they need to be retrofitted for the seismic events of 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years.

Thanks

The authors are grateful for the support of Orhaneli Municipality and the owners of buildings during the execution of fieldwork. The results and the conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

References

  • Aktaş, Y. D., Akyuz, U. & Turer, A. (2014). Seismic resistance evaluation of traditional Ottoman timber-frame hımış houses: frame loadings and material tests. Earthquake Spectra, 30, 1711–1732. https://doi.org/10.1193%2F011412EQS011M
  • Aktaş, Y. D. (2017). Seismic resistance of traditional timber-frame hımış structures in Turkey: a brief overview, International Wood Products Journal, 8, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2016.1273683
  • Casolo, S., Neumair, S, Parisi, M.A. & Petrini, V. (2000). Analysis of seismic damage patterns in old masonry church facades. Earthquake Spectra, 16(4), 757-773.
  • Cerasi M. (1998). The formation of ottoman house types: a comparative study in interaction with neighbouring cultures, Muqarnas Online, 15(1), 116–156.
  • Chácara, C., Mendes, N., & Lourenço, P. B. (2017). Simulation of shake table tests on out-of-plane masonry buildings. Part (IV): macro and micro fem based approaches, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 11(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2016.1238972
  • D'Ayala, A., & Speranza, E. (2003). Definition of collapse mechanisms and seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 19(3), 479-509.
  • D'Ayala, A., & Benzoni, G. (2012). Historic and traditional structures during the 2010 Chile earthquake: observations, codes, and conservation strategies. Earthquake Spectra, 28(S1), S425-S451.
  • Erdik, M., Demircioglu, M., Beyen, K., Sesetyan, K., Aydinoglu, N. & Gul, M. (2003). May 01, 2003 Bingol (Turkey) Earthquake. EERI. https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/turkey_bingol_reconnaissance_report_erdik.pdf
  • International Council on Monuments and Sites. (2011). The Valletta principles for the safeguarding and management of historic cities, towns and urban areas. Paris.
  • Kamal, O. A., Hamdy, G. A., & El-Salakawy, T. S. (2014). Nonlinear analysis of historic and contemporary vaulted masonry assemblages. HBRC Journal, 10(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.11.004i
  • Kuban, D. (2018). Türk ahşap konut mimarisi 17. - 19. yüzyıllar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Lagomarsino, S., Penna, A., Galasco, A. & Cattari, S. (2013). TREMURI program: An equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings. Engineering Structures, 56, 1787–1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.08.002
  • Lagomarsino, S. & Podesta, S. (2004). Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches: I. Damage assessment and emergency planning. Earthquake Spectra, 20(2), 377-394.
  • Lagomarsino, S. & Podesta, S. (2004a). Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches: II. Statistical analysis of surveyed data and methods for risk analysis. Earthquake Spectra, 20(2), 395-412.
  • Lagomarsino, S. & Resemini, S. (2009). The assessment of damage limitation state in the seismic analysis of monumental buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 25(2), 323-346.
  • Lourenco, P. B. (1996). Computational strategies for masonry structures (Ph. D. Thesis). Delft University, the Netherlands.
  • Özdemir, I. M., Tavşan, C, Özgen, S., Sağsöz, A. & Kars, F. B. (2008). The elements of forming traditional Turkish cities: Examination of houses and streets in historical city of Erzurum, Building and Environment 43: 963–982.
  • Özen, G. Ö. (2006). Comparison of elastic and inelastic behavior of historic masonry structures at the low load levels (M.S. Thesis). Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
  • Schwertheim, E. (2014). Hadrianoi'nin tarihi coğrafyası (transl. İ. H. Mert). Bursa ve İlçeleri Arkeolojik Kültür Envanteri - I, 11-19. Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
  • Sözen, M. (2001). Türklerde Ev Kültürü. İstanbul: Doğan Kitapçılık A.Ş.
  • Şahin Güçhan, N. (2007). Observations on earthquake resistance of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(2), 840–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.027
  • T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. (2018). Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Authority 2018 Turkey seismic code.
  • T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. (2020, June 22). Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. Retrieved from Turkey Seismic Risk Maps Interactive Web Application: https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/TDTH/main.xhtml
  • The Directorate General of Foundations of Turkey. (2017). Guidelines for Seismic Risk Management of Historic Structures.
  • Yousefi, B. and Soltani, M. (2019). An equivalent fiber frame model for nonlinear analysis of masonry structures. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 0(0), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1638993

GELENEKSEL KONUTLARDA KORUMA VE LİMİT ANALİZİ KULLANILARAK GÜVENLİK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 270 - 279, 18.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1041637

Abstract

Batı Anadolu'daki geleneksel konutların çoğu hımış (geleneksel ahşap karkas) yapı tekniğiyle inşa edilmiştir. Bu geleneksel konutların bozulmaları daha çok terk edilmelerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Terk, yapının taşıyıcı sisteminin çevresel etkilere karşı savunmasız kalmasına neden olmakta ve zamanla yapıyı sismik yüklere karşı zayıflatmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Orhaneli evleri üzerinde bir vaka çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz ve belgelere dayalı olarak bu evlerin korunmasına yönelik yapı ölçeğinde öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmada kullanılan 20 evin basitleştirilmiş limit analizinin sonuçları sunulmuş ve bu yapıların karmaşık bağlantı detaylandırması ile sonlu elemanlar modellemesine olan ihtiyacın altı çizilmiştir. İncelenen evlerin çoğunluğunun 50 yılda aşılma olasılığı %50 olan sismik olaylara dayanıklı olduğu, ancak 50 yılda aşılma olasılığı %10 olan sismik olaylar için evlerde güçlendirme yapılması gerektiği görülmüştür.

References

  • Aktaş, Y. D., Akyuz, U. & Turer, A. (2014). Seismic resistance evaluation of traditional Ottoman timber-frame hımış houses: frame loadings and material tests. Earthquake Spectra, 30, 1711–1732. https://doi.org/10.1193%2F011412EQS011M
  • Aktaş, Y. D. (2017). Seismic resistance of traditional timber-frame hımış structures in Turkey: a brief overview, International Wood Products Journal, 8, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2016.1273683
  • Casolo, S., Neumair, S, Parisi, M.A. & Petrini, V. (2000). Analysis of seismic damage patterns in old masonry church facades. Earthquake Spectra, 16(4), 757-773.
  • Cerasi M. (1998). The formation of ottoman house types: a comparative study in interaction with neighbouring cultures, Muqarnas Online, 15(1), 116–156.
  • Chácara, C., Mendes, N., & Lourenço, P. B. (2017). Simulation of shake table tests on out-of-plane masonry buildings. Part (IV): macro and micro fem based approaches, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 11(1), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2016.1238972
  • D'Ayala, A., & Speranza, E. (2003). Definition of collapse mechanisms and seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 19(3), 479-509.
  • D'Ayala, A., & Benzoni, G. (2012). Historic and traditional structures during the 2010 Chile earthquake: observations, codes, and conservation strategies. Earthquake Spectra, 28(S1), S425-S451.
  • Erdik, M., Demircioglu, M., Beyen, K., Sesetyan, K., Aydinoglu, N. & Gul, M. (2003). May 01, 2003 Bingol (Turkey) Earthquake. EERI. https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/turkey_bingol_reconnaissance_report_erdik.pdf
  • International Council on Monuments and Sites. (2011). The Valletta principles for the safeguarding and management of historic cities, towns and urban areas. Paris.
  • Kamal, O. A., Hamdy, G. A., & El-Salakawy, T. S. (2014). Nonlinear analysis of historic and contemporary vaulted masonry assemblages. HBRC Journal, 10(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.11.004i
  • Kuban, D. (2018). Türk ahşap konut mimarisi 17. - 19. yüzyıllar. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Lagomarsino, S., Penna, A., Galasco, A. & Cattari, S. (2013). TREMURI program: An equivalent frame model for the nonlinear seismic analysis of masonry buildings. Engineering Structures, 56, 1787–1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.08.002
  • Lagomarsino, S. & Podesta, S. (2004). Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches: I. Damage assessment and emergency planning. Earthquake Spectra, 20(2), 377-394.
  • Lagomarsino, S. & Podesta, S. (2004a). Seismic vulnerability of ancient churches: II. Statistical analysis of surveyed data and methods for risk analysis. Earthquake Spectra, 20(2), 395-412.
  • Lagomarsino, S. & Resemini, S. (2009). The assessment of damage limitation state in the seismic analysis of monumental buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 25(2), 323-346.
  • Lourenco, P. B. (1996). Computational strategies for masonry structures (Ph. D. Thesis). Delft University, the Netherlands.
  • Özdemir, I. M., Tavşan, C, Özgen, S., Sağsöz, A. & Kars, F. B. (2008). The elements of forming traditional Turkish cities: Examination of houses and streets in historical city of Erzurum, Building and Environment 43: 963–982.
  • Özen, G. Ö. (2006). Comparison of elastic and inelastic behavior of historic masonry structures at the low load levels (M.S. Thesis). Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
  • Schwertheim, E. (2014). Hadrianoi'nin tarihi coğrafyası (transl. İ. H. Mert). Bursa ve İlçeleri Arkeolojik Kültür Envanteri - I, 11-19. Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi.
  • Sözen, M. (2001). Türklerde Ev Kültürü. İstanbul: Doğan Kitapçılık A.Ş.
  • Şahin Güçhan, N. (2007). Observations on earthquake resistance of traditional timber-framed houses in Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(2), 840–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.027
  • T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. (2018). Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Authority 2018 Turkey seismic code.
  • T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. (2020, June 22). Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. Retrieved from Turkey Seismic Risk Maps Interactive Web Application: https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/TDTH/main.xhtml
  • The Directorate General of Foundations of Turkey. (2017). Guidelines for Seismic Risk Management of Historic Structures.
  • Yousefi, B. and Soltani, M. (2019). An equivalent fiber frame model for nonlinear analysis of masonry structures. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 0(0), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1638993
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zahide Sena Güneş Kaya 0000-0002-1595-6991

Selahattin Ersoy 0000-0001-9426-9841

Kemal Kutgün Eyüpgiller 0000-0001-9328-7829

Early Pub Date August 19, 2022
Publication Date August 18, 2022
Acceptance Date May 23, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 30 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güneş Kaya, Z. S., Ersoy, S., & Eyüpgiller, K. K. (2022). CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 270-279. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1041637
AMA Güneş Kaya ZS, Ersoy S, Eyüpgiller KK. CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. August 2022;30(2):270-279. doi:10.31796/ogummf.1041637
Chicago Güneş Kaya, Zahide Sena, Selahattin Ersoy, and Kemal Kutgün Eyüpgiller. “CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 30, no. 2 (August 2022): 270-79. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1041637.
EndNote Güneş Kaya ZS, Ersoy S, Eyüpgiller KK (August 1, 2022) CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 30 2 270–279.
IEEE Z. S. Güneş Kaya, S. Ersoy, and K. K. Eyüpgiller, “CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS”, ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 270–279, 2022, doi: 10.31796/ogummf.1041637.
ISNAD Güneş Kaya, Zahide Sena et al. “CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 30/2 (August 2022), 270-279. https://doi.org/10.31796/ogummf.1041637.
JAMA Güneş Kaya ZS, Ersoy S, Eyüpgiller KK. CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2022;30:270–279.
MLA Güneş Kaya, Zahide Sena et al. “CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 30, no. 2, 2022, pp. 270-9, doi:10.31796/ogummf.1041637.
Vancouver Güneş Kaya ZS, Ersoy S, Eyüpgiller KK. CONSERVATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES AND A CASE STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION BY USING LIMIT ANALYSIS. ESOGÜ Müh Mim Fak Derg. 2022;30(2):270-9.

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