Abstract
Semax (MEHFPGP) was shown to increase gastric mucosal homeostasis to the action of such ulcerogenic factors as ethanol and stress. In the case of the stress model of ulcer formation, Semax and its two metabolites—HFPGP and FPGP—at the wide range of doses (0.06–3.7 µmol/kg) have demonstrated protective antiulcerogenic properties. In the case of ethanol model of ulcer formation, only Semax in two used doses (0.06 and 0.37 µmol/kg) reported reliable protective antiulcerogenic property. It was supposed that Semax’s gastroprotective activity directed to peripheral mechanisms of ulcerogenesis did not depend on its metabolites’ activities. On the contrary, Semax’s gastroprotective activity directed to the central mechanisms of ulcerogenesis might be also caused by gastroprotective activities of HFPGP and FPGP metabolites.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramova, M.A., Samonina, G.E., and Ashmarin, I.P., Proline and Simple Proline-Containing Neuropeptide Fragments Modulate the State of Gastric Mucosa via Central and Peripheral Mechanisms, Neirokhimiya, 1996, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 209–214.
Ashmarin, I.P., Lyapina, L.A., and Pastorova, V.E., Modulation of Hemostatic Reactions in Vitro and in Vivo by Members of Regulatory Peptide Families, Vestn. Ross. Akad. Med. Nauk, 1996, issue 6, pp. 50–57.
Ashmarin, I.P., Nezavibat’ko, V.N., Myasoedov, N.F., Kamenskii, A.A., Grivennikov, I.A., Ponomareva-Stepnaya, M.A., Andreeva, L.A., Kaplan, A.Ya., Koshelev, V.B., and Ryasina, T.V., Semax, a Nootropic Analogue of Adrenocorticotropin 4–10 (15-Year Experience of Development and Study), Vyssh. Nervn. Deyat. im. I. P. Pavlova, 1997, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 420–430.
Baglikova, K.E., Trufanova, A.V., Bakaeva, Z.V., Samonina, G.E., Andreeva, L.A., Klimova, P.A., and Vas’kovskii, B.V., The Influence of Hydroxyproline- and Proline-Containing Glyprolines on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser.: Biol., 2009, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 3–8.
Bakaeva, Z.V. and Samonina, G.E., Effect of Glyprolins on Development and Healing of Acetate Ulcers in Rats, Patofiziol. i Eksperiment. Terapiya, 2005, no. 2, pp. 25–27.
Dolotov, O.V., Zolotarev, Yu.A., Dorokhova, E.M., Andreeva, L.A., Alfeeva, L.Yu., Grivennikov, I.A., and Myasoedov, N.F., The Binding of Semax, ACTH 4–10 Heptapeptide, to Plasma Membranes of the Rat Forebrain Basal Nuclei and Its Biodegradation, Bioorg. Khim., 2004, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 241–246.
Kaplan, A.Ya., Koshelev, V.B., Nezavibat’ko, V.N., and Ashmarin, I.P., Increased Resistance to Hypoxia Effected by the Neuropeptide Preparation SEMAX, Fiziol. Chel., 1992, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 104–107.
Khugaeva, V.K. and Aleksandrin, V.V., Relationship between the Therapeutic Effect of the Peptide Preparation Semax and the Severity of Brain Ischemia, Byul. Eksp. Biol. Med., 1997, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 39–42.
Mayer, E.A., The Neurobiology of Stress and Gastrointestinal Disease (Review), Gut, 2000, vol. 47, pp. 861–869.
Myasoedov, N.F., Skvortsova, V.I., Nasonov, E.L., Zhuravleva, E.Yu., Grivennikov, I.A., Arsen’eva, E.L., and Sukhanov, I.I., Study of Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Effect of Semax in the Acute Period of Ischemic Stroke, Zhurn. Nevrol. Psikhiat., 1999, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 15–19.
Pastorova, V.E., Lyapina, L.A., Smolina, T.Yu., and Ashmarin, I.P., Anticoagulant and Fibrinolytic Effects of Short Proline-Containing Peptides, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Biol., 1998, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 390–394.
Samonina, G., Lyapina, L., Kopylova, G., Pastorova, V., Bakaeva, Z., Jeliaznik, N., Zuykova, S., and Ashmarin, I., Protection of Gastric Mucosal Integrity by Gelatin and Simple Proline-Containing Peptides, Pathophysiology, 2000, issue 7, pp. 69–73.
Sibilia, V., Rindi, G., Pagani, F., Rapetti, D., Locatelli, V., Torsello, A., Campanini, N., Deghenghi, R., and Netti, C., Ghrelin Protects against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Studies on the Mechanisms of Action, Endocrinology, 2003, vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 353–359.
Yasnetsov, V.V., Krylova, I.N., and Provornova, N.A., Pharmacological Treatment of Memory Disorders Caused by Hypoxia and Cerebral Ischemia in Rats, Kosm. Biol. Aviakosm. Med., 1998, no. 1, pp. 55–60.
Yasnetsov, V.V., Popov, V.M., Kisileva, N.M., Kamenskii, A.A., and Nezavibat’ko, V.N., Vestibular-Protective and Anti-amnesia Properties of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragments and Their Analogs, Byul. Eksp. Biol. Med., 1995, vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 634–636.
Zhuikova, S.E., Bakaeva, Z.V., and Samonina, G.E., Differential Antiulcer Effects of Possible Metabolites of Peptide PGP-GP and GP in Ethanol- and Stress-Induced Ulceration Models in Rats, Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. Biol., 2003a, issue 2, pp. 20–22.
Zhuikova, S.E., Khropycheva, R.P., Zolotarev, V.A., Polenov, S.A., and Samonina, G.E., New Peptide Regulatory of Gastric Secretion in Rats (Amylin, PGP, and Semax), Eksp. Klinich. Gastroenterol., 2003b, issue 2, pp. 86–91.
Zhuikova, S.E., Sergeev, V.I., Samonina, G.E., and Myasoedov, N.F., Effect of Semax on Indomethacin-Induced Ulceration in Rats and a Possible Mechanism of Its Action, Byul. Eksperiment. Biol. Med., 2002, vol. 133, no. 6, pp. 665–667.
Zhuikova, S.E., Smirnova, E.A., Bakaeva, Z.V., and Samonina, G.E., Effect of Semax on Homeostasis of Albino Rat Gastric Mucosa, Byul. Eksper. Biol. Med., 2000, vol. 129, no. 10, pp. 300–302.
Zolotarev, Yu.A., Zhuikova, S.E., Ashmarin, I.P., Myasoedov, N.F., Vas’kovskii, B.V., and Samonina, G.E., Metabolism of PGP Peptide after Administration via Different Routes, Byul. Eksp. Biol. Med., 2003, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 423–426.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © Z.V. Bakaeva, K.E. Baglikova, P.A. Klimova, L.A. Andreeva, G.E. Samonina, 2009, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Biologiya, 2009, No. 4, pp. 3–7.
About this article
Cite this article
Bakaeva, Z.V., Baglikova, K.E., Klimova, P.A. et al. The comparison of gastroprotective properties of Semax and its metabolites. Moscow Univ. Biol.Sci. Bull. 64, 137–140 (2009). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0096392509040014
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0096392509040014