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Turizm Etkinliği Çevre Performansını Etkiliyor Mu? Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Etkinlik Skorlarının Hesaplanması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1921 - 1940, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.887885

Öz

Turizmin ekonomiye sürekli artan katkısı, ülke ekonomileri içinde önemsenen bir sektör haline gelmesine neden olmuştur. Ülkeler sadece ekonomi odaklı gelişmeye çalıştıklarından, çevresel faktörleri genellikle göz ardı etmektedirler. Bu açıdan turizm gelişiminin çevre ile nasıl bir ilişki içerisinde olduğunu araştırmak çalışmanın amacını meydana getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada turizm göstergelerinin etkinliği ile çevre performansı arasındaki uygunluk ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada rasgele seçilen 50 ülkenin 2018 yılına ait turizm göstergeleri kullanılarak veri zarflama analizi ile etkinlik skorları hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra ülkelerin Çevre Performans Endeksi sıralamalarına göre grupları incelenmiştir. Ülkelerin turizm etkinlik değerleri ve ÇPE grupları kullanılarak uygunluk analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre turizm etkinliği ile çevre performansı arasında belirli bir uygunluk ilişkisi vardır. Ancak bu uygunluk ilişkisi günümüzde yaşanan çevresel problemleri önleyecek derecede yeterli değildir.

Kaynakça

  • ABDI, H., & VALENTIN, D. (2007). Multiple correspondence analysis. Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics, 2(4), 651-657.
  • AGYEIWAAH, E., MCKERCHER, B., & SUNTIKUL, W. (2017). Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism: A path forward?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 26-33.
  • ANDERSEN, P., & PETERSEN, N. C. (1993). A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis. Management science, 39(10), 1261-1264.
  • BALAGUER, J., & CANTAVELLA-JORDÁ, M. (2001). Examining the export-led growth hypothesis for Spain in the last century. Applied Economics Letters, 8(10), 681-685.
  • BANKER, R. D. (1984). Estimating most productive scale size using data envelopment analysis. European journal of operational research, 17(1), 35-44.
  • BAYSAL, M. E., UYGUR, M., & TOKLU, B. (2004). Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Tcdd Limanlarinda Bir Etkinlik Ölçümü Çalişmasi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(4). BERG, S. (2010). Water utility benchmarking. Iw Publishing.
  • BOJANIC, D. (2011). Using a tourism importance–performance typology to investigate environmental sustainability on a global level. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(8), 989-1003.
  • BOJANIC, D. C., & WARNICK, R. B. (2020). The relationship between a country’s level of tourism and environmental performance. Journal of Travel Research, 59(2), 220-230.
  • BRIASSOULIS, H., & VAN DER STRAATEN, J. (2000). Tourism and the environment: An overview. In Tourism and the Environment (pp. 1-19). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • BUCKLEY, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of tourism research, 39(2), 528-546.
  • BUTLER, R. W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Tourism geographies, 1(1), 7-25.
  • CASTELLANI, V., & SALA, S. (2010). Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development. Tourism management, 31(6), 871-880.
  • CHARNES, A., COOPER, W., LEWIN, A. Y., & SEIFORD, L. M. (1997). Data envelopment analysis theory, methodology and applications. Journal of the Operational Research society, 48(3), 332-333.
  • CLAUSEN, S. E. (1998). Applied correspondence analysis: An introduction (Vol. 121). Sage
  • CHOI, H. C., & SIRAKAYA, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism management, 27(6), 1274-1289.
  • COHEN, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of tourism research, 15(3), 371-386.
  • DANISH, B.& WANG, Z. (2018). Dynamic relationship between tourism, economic growth, and environmental quality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(11), 1928-1943.
  • EL-MASHALEH, M. S, RABABEH, S. M. ve HYARI, H. H. (2010). Utilizing data envelopment analysis to benchmark safety performance of construction contractors, International Journal of Project Management, 28, 61–67.
  • EUGENIO-MARTIN, J. L., MARTÍN MORALES, N., & SCARPA, R. (2004). Tourism and economic growth in Latin American countries: A panel data approach.
  • GOLANY, B., & Roll, Y. (1989). An application procedure for DEA. Omega, 17(3), 237-250.
  • GREENACRE, M. (2017). Correspondence analysis in practice. CRC press. HARRIS, R., WILLIAMS, P., & GRIFFIN, T. (Eds.). (2012). Sustainable tourism. Routledge
  • Henrique’s, I. C., SOBREIRO, V. A., KIMURA, H., & MARIANO, E. B. (2020). Two-Stage DEA in Banks: Terminological Controversies and Future Directions. Expert Systems with Applications, 113632.
  • HOLDEN, A. (2016). Environment and tourism. Routledge. HUNTER, C. (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of tourism research, 24(4), 850-867.
  • HSU, A., & ZOMER, A. (2014). Environmental performance index. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, 1-5.
  • INCHAUSTI-SINTES, F. (2015). Tourism: Economic growth, employment and Dutch disease. Annals of Tourism Research, 54, 172-189.
  • INDEX, E. P. (2018). Environmental performance index. Yale University and Columbia University: New Haven, CT, USA.
  • JOHNSON, R. A., & WICHERN, D. W. (2002). Applied multivariate statistical analysis (Vol. 5, No. 8). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.
  • JORDÁ, P., CASCAJO, R., & MONZÓN, A. (2012). Analysis of the technical efficiency of urban bus services in Spain based on SBM models. ISRN Civil Engineering, 2012, 1-13.
  • LEE, C. C., & CHANG, C. P. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels. Tourism management, 29(1), 180-192.
  • LIU, J. C., SHELDON, P. J., & VAR, T. (1987). Resident perception of the environmental impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism research, 14(1), 17-37.
  • LOZANO-OYOLA, M., BLANCAS, F. J., GONZÁLEZ, M., & CABALLERO, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators, 18, 659-675.
  • MİLLER, G. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism management, 22(4), 351-362.
  • ORHUNBILGE, N. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, İşletme Fakültesi Yayını.
  • ÖZDEN, Ü. H. (2008). Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) ile Türkiye'deki vakıf üniversitelerinin etkinliğinin ölçülmesi. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 37(2), 167-185.
  • RASEKHI, S., KARIMI, S., & MOHAMMADI, S. (2016). Environmental Impacts of Tourism A Case Study of Selected Developing and Developed Countries,21 (65),20-28.
  • ROGGE, N. (2012). Undesirable specialization in the construction of composite policy indicators: The Environmental Performance Index. Ecological indicators, 23, 143-154.
  • RASOOLİMANESH, S. M., RAMAKRİSHNA, S., HALL, C. M., ESFANDİAR, K., & SEYFİ, S. (2020). A systematic scoping review of sustainable tourism indicators in relation to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-21.
  • RİNALDİ, C., CAVİCCHİ, A., & ROBİNSON, R. N. (2020). University contributions to co-creating sustainable tourism destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-23.).
  • SHARPLEY, R. (2000). Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide. Journal of Sustainable tourism, 8(1), 1-19.
  • SİAKWAH, P., MUSAVENGANE, R., & LEONARD, L. (2020). Tourism governance and attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 17(4), 355-383.
  • SARI, Z. (2015). Veri Zarflama Analizi ve Bir Uygulama. TANGUAy, G. A., Rajaonson, J., & Therrien, M. C. (2013). Sustainable tourism indicators: Selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. Journal of sustainable Tourism, 21(6), 862-879.
  • TISDELL, C. (1987). Tourism, the environment and profit. Economic Analysis and Policy, 17(1), 13-30.
  • Torres-Delgado, A., & Saarinen, J. (2014). Using indicators to assess sustainable tourism development: a review. Tourism Geographies, 16(1), 31-47.
  • USMAN, O., ELSALIH, O., & KOSHADH, O. (2020). Environmental performance and tourism development in EU-28 Countries: the role of institutional quality. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2103-2108.
  • WEAVER, D. B. (2006). Sustainable tourism: Theory and practice. Routledge.

Does Tourism Efficiency Affect Environmental Performance? Calculation of Efficiency Scores by Data Envelope Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 1921 - 1940, 31.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.887885

Öz

The contribution of tourism to the economy has caused it to become an important sector in the economies of the country. As countries try to develop only with an economy focus, they often ignore environmental factors. In this respect, it is the aim of the study to investigate how tourism development relates to the environment. In this study, the correspondance relationship between the efficiency of tourism indicators and environmental performance was examined. In the study, efficiency scores of 50 countries in 2018, which are randomly selected, were calculated in terms of tourism indicators. The environmental performance index data and tourism efficiency scores of the countries were analyzed with the correspondance analysis technique, which is one of the techniques used for multivariate categorical data analysis. Then, the results obtained from the variables with the correspondace analysis were interpreted. According to the results, there is a certain correlation between tourism activity and environmental performance. However, this correspondance relationship is not sufficient to prevent environmental problems, that are experienced today.

Kaynakça

  • ABDI, H., & VALENTIN, D. (2007). Multiple correspondence analysis. Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics, 2(4), 651-657.
  • AGYEIWAAH, E., MCKERCHER, B., & SUNTIKUL, W. (2017). Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism: A path forward?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 26-33.
  • ANDERSEN, P., & PETERSEN, N. C. (1993). A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis. Management science, 39(10), 1261-1264.
  • BALAGUER, J., & CANTAVELLA-JORDÁ, M. (2001). Examining the export-led growth hypothesis for Spain in the last century. Applied Economics Letters, 8(10), 681-685.
  • BANKER, R. D. (1984). Estimating most productive scale size using data envelopment analysis. European journal of operational research, 17(1), 35-44.
  • BAYSAL, M. E., UYGUR, M., & TOKLU, B. (2004). Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Tcdd Limanlarinda Bir Etkinlik Ölçümü Çalişmasi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(4). BERG, S. (2010). Water utility benchmarking. Iw Publishing.
  • BOJANIC, D. (2011). Using a tourism importance–performance typology to investigate environmental sustainability on a global level. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(8), 989-1003.
  • BOJANIC, D. C., & WARNICK, R. B. (2020). The relationship between a country’s level of tourism and environmental performance. Journal of Travel Research, 59(2), 220-230.
  • BRIASSOULIS, H., & VAN DER STRAATEN, J. (2000). Tourism and the environment: An overview. In Tourism and the Environment (pp. 1-19). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • BUCKLEY, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of tourism research, 39(2), 528-546.
  • BUTLER, R. W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Tourism geographies, 1(1), 7-25.
  • CASTELLANI, V., & SALA, S. (2010). Sustainable performance index for tourism policy development. Tourism management, 31(6), 871-880.
  • CHARNES, A., COOPER, W., LEWIN, A. Y., & SEIFORD, L. M. (1997). Data envelopment analysis theory, methodology and applications. Journal of the Operational Research society, 48(3), 332-333.
  • CLAUSEN, S. E. (1998). Applied correspondence analysis: An introduction (Vol. 121). Sage
  • CHOI, H. C., & SIRAKAYA, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism management, 27(6), 1274-1289.
  • COHEN, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of tourism research, 15(3), 371-386.
  • DANISH, B.& WANG, Z. (2018). Dynamic relationship between tourism, economic growth, and environmental quality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(11), 1928-1943.
  • EL-MASHALEH, M. S, RABABEH, S. M. ve HYARI, H. H. (2010). Utilizing data envelopment analysis to benchmark safety performance of construction contractors, International Journal of Project Management, 28, 61–67.
  • EUGENIO-MARTIN, J. L., MARTÍN MORALES, N., & SCARPA, R. (2004). Tourism and economic growth in Latin American countries: A panel data approach.
  • GOLANY, B., & Roll, Y. (1989). An application procedure for DEA. Omega, 17(3), 237-250.
  • GREENACRE, M. (2017). Correspondence analysis in practice. CRC press. HARRIS, R., WILLIAMS, P., & GRIFFIN, T. (Eds.). (2012). Sustainable tourism. Routledge
  • Henrique’s, I. C., SOBREIRO, V. A., KIMURA, H., & MARIANO, E. B. (2020). Two-Stage DEA in Banks: Terminological Controversies and Future Directions. Expert Systems with Applications, 113632.
  • HOLDEN, A. (2016). Environment and tourism. Routledge. HUNTER, C. (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of tourism research, 24(4), 850-867.
  • HSU, A., & ZOMER, A. (2014). Environmental performance index. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, 1-5.
  • INCHAUSTI-SINTES, F. (2015). Tourism: Economic growth, employment and Dutch disease. Annals of Tourism Research, 54, 172-189.
  • INDEX, E. P. (2018). Environmental performance index. Yale University and Columbia University: New Haven, CT, USA.
  • JOHNSON, R. A., & WICHERN, D. W. (2002). Applied multivariate statistical analysis (Vol. 5, No. 8). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.
  • JORDÁ, P., CASCAJO, R., & MONZÓN, A. (2012). Analysis of the technical efficiency of urban bus services in Spain based on SBM models. ISRN Civil Engineering, 2012, 1-13.
  • LEE, C. C., & CHANG, C. P. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels. Tourism management, 29(1), 180-192.
  • LIU, J. C., SHELDON, P. J., & VAR, T. (1987). Resident perception of the environmental impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism research, 14(1), 17-37.
  • LOZANO-OYOLA, M., BLANCAS, F. J., GONZÁLEZ, M., & CABALLERO, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators, 18, 659-675.
  • MİLLER, G. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism management, 22(4), 351-362.
  • ORHUNBILGE, N. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemler. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi, İşletme Fakültesi Yayını.
  • ÖZDEN, Ü. H. (2008). Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) ile Türkiye'deki vakıf üniversitelerinin etkinliğinin ölçülmesi. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 37(2), 167-185.
  • RASEKHI, S., KARIMI, S., & MOHAMMADI, S. (2016). Environmental Impacts of Tourism A Case Study of Selected Developing and Developed Countries,21 (65),20-28.
  • ROGGE, N. (2012). Undesirable specialization in the construction of composite policy indicators: The Environmental Performance Index. Ecological indicators, 23, 143-154.
  • RASOOLİMANESH, S. M., RAMAKRİSHNA, S., HALL, C. M., ESFANDİAR, K., & SEYFİ, S. (2020). A systematic scoping review of sustainable tourism indicators in relation to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-21.
  • RİNALDİ, C., CAVİCCHİ, A., & ROBİNSON, R. N. (2020). University contributions to co-creating sustainable tourism destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-23.).
  • SHARPLEY, R. (2000). Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide. Journal of Sustainable tourism, 8(1), 1-19.
  • SİAKWAH, P., MUSAVENGANE, R., & LEONARD, L. (2020). Tourism governance and attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 17(4), 355-383.
  • SARI, Z. (2015). Veri Zarflama Analizi ve Bir Uygulama. TANGUAy, G. A., Rajaonson, J., & Therrien, M. C. (2013). Sustainable tourism indicators: Selection criteria for policy implementation and scientific recognition. Journal of sustainable Tourism, 21(6), 862-879.
  • TISDELL, C. (1987). Tourism, the environment and profit. Economic Analysis and Policy, 17(1), 13-30.
  • Torres-Delgado, A., & Saarinen, J. (2014). Using indicators to assess sustainable tourism development: a review. Tourism Geographies, 16(1), 31-47.
  • USMAN, O., ELSALIH, O., & KOSHADH, O. (2020). Environmental performance and tourism development in EU-28 Countries: the role of institutional quality. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2103-2108.
  • WEAVER, D. B. (2006). Sustainable tourism: Theory and practice. Routledge.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi, Yöneylem
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gonca Yüzbaşı Künç 0000-0003-0213-7310

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2022
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüzbaşı Künç, G. (2022). Turizm Etkinliği Çevre Performansını Etkiliyor Mu? Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Etkinlik Skorlarının Hesaplanması. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 6(1), 1921-1940. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.887885