Gelibolu Yarımadası Savaş Arkeojeofiziği Çalışmaları: Şahindere Şehitliği ve Lone Pine Anıtı Örnek Bölgeleri
Öz
Çanakkale Savaşı veya Çanakkale Muharebeleri, I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında 1915–1916 yılları arasında Gelibolu Yarımadası'nda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile İtilaf Devletleri arasında yapılan deniz ve kara muharebeleridir. İtilaf Devletleri; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun başkenti İstanbul'u alarak İstanbul ve Çanakkale boğazlarının kontrolünü ele geçirmek, Rusya'yla güvenli bir erzak tedarik ve askeri ikmal yolu açmak, başkent İstanbul′u zapt etmek suretiyle Almanya′nın müttefiklerinden birini savaş dışı bırakarak İttifak Devletlerini zayıflatmak amaçları ile ilk hedef olarak Çanakkale Boğazı'nı seçmişlerdir. Ancak saldırıları başarısız olmuş ve geri çekilmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Kara ve deniz savaşı sonucunda iki taraf da çok ağır kayıplar vermiştir. Dünyanın en kanlı ve yoğun çarpışmalarının yaşandığı cephelerde, özellikle İtilaf Devletlerinin kayıpları ile beraber geri çekilme süreçlerinde mühimmat ve teçhizatlarını yanlarına almadan gerek gömerek gerekse tahrip ederek arkalarında bırakmışlardır. Gelişen teknolojik yenilikler sayesinde yeraltında gömülü durumda bulunan obje ya da kalıntıların tespiti belirlenen bölgelerde yapılan jeofizik, jeodezik ve uzaktan algılama çalışmaları ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında araştırma bölgeleri Şahindere Şehitliği ve Lone Pine Anıtı çevresi olarak seçilerek jeofizik, jeodezik ve uzaktan algılama-insansız hava aracı (İHA) uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Şahindere Şehitliğindeki ölçümler ile şehitlik alanın mevcut halinden çok daha geniş olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lone Pine mevkiinde yapılan ölçümler ile siper hatlarını birbirine bağlayan tünel yerleri net olarak haritalanmıştır. Bu kapsamda yapılan ilk detaylı çalışma olan bu uygulama hem mevcut verilere büyük katkı sağlamış hem ileride yapılacak çalışmalara yön verecek bulgular sağlamıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
ÇOMÜ-BAP
Proje Numarası
BA-2018-2485
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, FBA-2018-2485 numaralı ÇOMÜ-BAP projesi ile desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Annan, A.P., Waller, W.M., Strangway, D.W., Rossiter, J.R., Redman, J.D. ve Watts, R.D. (1975). The electromagnetic response of a low-loss, 2-layer, dielectric earth for horizontal electric dipole excitation. Geophysics, 40(2): 285-298.
- Annan, A.P ve Cosway, S.W. (1992). Ground Penetrating Radar Survey Design 5th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems.
- Büyüksaraç, A., Bektaş, O., Tulunay, E. ve, Ateş, A. (2013). Identification of buried archaeological substances using derivatives of magnetic anomalies in Nif (olympos)Mountain, West Anatolia, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 13 (1), 1-8.
- Büyüksaraç, A., Sayılır ,B., Yalçıner C.Ç., Bektaş, Ö., Kurban, Y.C. ve Topçu, M.İ. (2014). Geophysical Investigation of Buried Cannons in Kumkale (dardanelles), TURKEY. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 14, No 1, pp. 291-299.
- Conyers, L. B. (2004). Ground-penetrating Radar for Archaeology.Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California.
- Daniels, D. J., 2004. Ground Penetrating Radar 2nd Edition, published by the Iee Radar, Sonar, Navigation and Avionics Series, London, United Kingdom.
- Gil, E., Mas, Á., Lerma, C., Torner, M.E. ve Vercher, J. (2019). Non-destructive Techniques Methodologies for the Detection of Ancient Structures under Heritage Buildings, International Journal of Architectural Heritage (In press). https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1700320
- Gracia, P. and de la Vega, M. (2001). Radar de subsuelo. Evaluación para aplicaciones en arqueología yen patrimonio histórico-artístico.
- Johnston, B., Ruffell, A., McKinley, J. ve Warke, P. (2018). Detecting voids within a historical building facade: A comparative study of three high frequency GPR antenna, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 32, 117–123.
- Kanli, A.İ., Taller, G., Nagy, P., Tildy, P., Pronay, Z. ve Toros, E. (2015). GPR survey for reinforcement of historical heritage construction at fire tower of Sopron. J. Appl. Geophys. 112, 79–90.
- Leucci, G., Masini, N., Persico, R. ve Soldovieri, F. (2011). GPR and sonic tomography for structural restoration: the case of the cathedral of Tricarico, J. Geophys. Eng. 8, 76–92.
- Leucci, G., Masini, N. ve Persico, R. (2012). Time-frequency analysis of GPR data to investigate the damage of monumental buildings, Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 9, 81–91.
- Martínez-Garrido, M.I., Fort, R., Gómez-Heras, M., Valles-Iriso, J. ve Varas-Muriel, M.J. (2018). A comprehensive study for moisture control in cultural heritage using non-destructive techniques, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 155, 36–52.
- Ming-Chih, L., Yu-Ming, K., Kun-Fa, L. ve Hui-Chi, H. (2009). A study on the technologies for detecting underground water level and processing image, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 7(1), 61–68.
- Moropoulou, A., Labropoulos, K., Delegou, E.T., Karoglou, M. ve Bakolas, A. (2013). Non-destructive techniques as a tool for the protection of built cultural heritage, Construction and Building Materials, 48,1222–1239.
- Persico, R., Ciminale, M. ve Matera, L. (2014). A new reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system, possibilities and issues; applications to two different cultural heritage resources, Near Surface Geophysics 12, 793–801.
- Sarı, İ., (2016). Çanakkale Destanı. Net Medya Yayıncılık. İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Yalçıner, C.Ç., Bano, M., Kadıoglu, M., Karabacak, V., Meghraoui, M. ve Altunel, E. (2009). New temple discovery at the archaeological site of Nysa (western turkey) using gpr method, Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(8),1680-1689.
- Yalçıner, C.Ç. (2012). "2-D and 3-D Diffraction Stack Migration Method to Detect Clandestine Cemetery Using GPR: A Case Study in Çanakkale (Turkey)", Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, vol.12, pp.123-130.
- Yalçıner, C.Ç., Kurban, Y.C. ve Altunel, E. (2017). Research using GPR into the cause of cracks and depressions in the floor of the gallery of Hagia Sophia Museum. Constr. Build. Mater. 139, 458–466.
- Yalçıner, C. Ç. Büyüksaraç, A. ve Kurban, Y.C. (2019). Non-destructive damage analysis in Kariye (Chora) Museum as a cultural heritage building. Journal of Applied Geophysics 171, 103874.
- Yücel, M. A., Yücel, D. S., Yalçıner, C. C. ve Yılmaz, D. (2018). 3D Modelling Of Historical Remains Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, A Case Study: Gallipoli Peninsula. XXVIII International Symposium On Modern Technologies, Education And Professional Practice In Geodesy And Related Field, Sofia, Bulgaria, 8-9 November 2018, ss.101-107.
Gallipoli Peninsula War Archeogeophysics Studies: Şahindere Martyrdom and Lone Pine Monument Sample Study Sites
Öz
Article History Abstract − The Dardanelles Battle were sea and land battles between the Ottoman Empire and the Entente States during the WW1 between 1915-1916 on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Entente States; Taking the control of Istanbul and Dardanelles straits by taking Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, opening a secure supply and military supply with Russia, seizing one of the allies of Germany by fighting the capital of Istanbul, they chose Dardanelles as the first target. But the attacks failed and were forced to retreat. As a result of both land and sea war, both sides suffered heavy losses. On the fronts where the world's most bloody and intense battles were experienced, especially in the withdrawal processes of the Entente States, they left behind both burying and destroying the ammunition and equipment without taking them with them. Due to the technological innovations, the determination of the objects or remains buried underground was determined by geophysical, geodetic and remote sensing studies in the determined regions. In this study, the research areas were selected as, Şahindere Martyrdom and Lone Pine Monument area, and geophysical, geodetic, remote sensing-UAV applications were completed. With the measurements in the Şahindere Martyrdom, it was determined that the martyr area was much wider than the current state. The measurements made at the Lone Pine site and the tunnel locations connecting the trench lines were clearly mapped. This is the first detailed study in this context, which has contributed greatly to the current data and provided findings that will guide future studies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Archaeogeophysics Gallipoli peninsula war remnants martyrdom ground penetrating radar (GPR)
Proje Numarası
BA-2018-2485
Kaynakça
- Annan, A.P., Waller, W.M., Strangway, D.W., Rossiter, J.R., Redman, J.D. ve Watts, R.D. (1975). The electromagnetic response of a low-loss, 2-layer, dielectric earth for horizontal electric dipole excitation. Geophysics, 40(2): 285-298.
- Annan, A.P ve Cosway, S.W. (1992). Ground Penetrating Radar Survey Design 5th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems.
- Büyüksaraç, A., Bektaş, O., Tulunay, E. ve, Ateş, A. (2013). Identification of buried archaeological substances using derivatives of magnetic anomalies in Nif (olympos)Mountain, West Anatolia, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 13 (1), 1-8.
- Büyüksaraç, A., Sayılır ,B., Yalçıner C.Ç., Bektaş, Ö., Kurban, Y.C. ve Topçu, M.İ. (2014). Geophysical Investigation of Buried Cannons in Kumkale (dardanelles), TURKEY. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 14, No 1, pp. 291-299.
- Conyers, L. B. (2004). Ground-penetrating Radar for Archaeology.Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California.
- Daniels, D. J., 2004. Ground Penetrating Radar 2nd Edition, published by the Iee Radar, Sonar, Navigation and Avionics Series, London, United Kingdom.
- Gil, E., Mas, Á., Lerma, C., Torner, M.E. ve Vercher, J. (2019). Non-destructive Techniques Methodologies for the Detection of Ancient Structures under Heritage Buildings, International Journal of Architectural Heritage (In press). https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1700320
- Gracia, P. and de la Vega, M. (2001). Radar de subsuelo. Evaluación para aplicaciones en arqueología yen patrimonio histórico-artístico.
- Johnston, B., Ruffell, A., McKinley, J. ve Warke, P. (2018). Detecting voids within a historical building facade: A comparative study of three high frequency GPR antenna, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 32, 117–123.
- Kanli, A.İ., Taller, G., Nagy, P., Tildy, P., Pronay, Z. ve Toros, E. (2015). GPR survey for reinforcement of historical heritage construction at fire tower of Sopron. J. Appl. Geophys. 112, 79–90.
- Leucci, G., Masini, N., Persico, R. ve Soldovieri, F. (2011). GPR and sonic tomography for structural restoration: the case of the cathedral of Tricarico, J. Geophys. Eng. 8, 76–92.
- Leucci, G., Masini, N. ve Persico, R. (2012). Time-frequency analysis of GPR data to investigate the damage of monumental buildings, Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 9, 81–91.
- Martínez-Garrido, M.I., Fort, R., Gómez-Heras, M., Valles-Iriso, J. ve Varas-Muriel, M.J. (2018). A comprehensive study for moisture control in cultural heritage using non-destructive techniques, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 155, 36–52.
- Ming-Chih, L., Yu-Ming, K., Kun-Fa, L. ve Hui-Chi, H. (2009). A study on the technologies for detecting underground water level and processing image, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 7(1), 61–68.
- Moropoulou, A., Labropoulos, K., Delegou, E.T., Karoglou, M. ve Bakolas, A. (2013). Non-destructive techniques as a tool for the protection of built cultural heritage, Construction and Building Materials, 48,1222–1239.
- Persico, R., Ciminale, M. ve Matera, L. (2014). A new reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system, possibilities and issues; applications to two different cultural heritage resources, Near Surface Geophysics 12, 793–801.
- Sarı, İ., (2016). Çanakkale Destanı. Net Medya Yayıncılık. İstanbul, Türkiye.
- Yalçıner, C.Ç., Bano, M., Kadıoglu, M., Karabacak, V., Meghraoui, M. ve Altunel, E. (2009). New temple discovery at the archaeological site of Nysa (western turkey) using gpr method, Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(8),1680-1689.
- Yalçıner, C.Ç. (2012). "2-D and 3-D Diffraction Stack Migration Method to Detect Clandestine Cemetery Using GPR: A Case Study in Çanakkale (Turkey)", Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, vol.12, pp.123-130.
- Yalçıner, C.Ç., Kurban, Y.C. ve Altunel, E. (2017). Research using GPR into the cause of cracks and depressions in the floor of the gallery of Hagia Sophia Museum. Constr. Build. Mater. 139, 458–466.
- Yalçıner, C. Ç. Büyüksaraç, A. ve Kurban, Y.C. (2019). Non-destructive damage analysis in Kariye (Chora) Museum as a cultural heritage building. Journal of Applied Geophysics 171, 103874.
- Yücel, M. A., Yücel, D. S., Yalçıner, C. C. ve Yılmaz, D. (2018). 3D Modelling Of Historical Remains Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, A Case Study: Gallipoli Peninsula. XXVIII International Symposium On Modern Technologies, Education And Professional Practice In Geodesy And Related Field, Sofia, Bulgaria, 8-9 November 2018, ss.101-107.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Genel Jeoloji, Jeoloji (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | BA-2018-2485 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Eylül 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Nisan 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Düşük Sıcaklıklı Bir Jeotermal Alanın İnsansız Hava Aracı Termal ve RGB Görüntüleri ile Modellenmesi: Kocabaşlar Jeotermal Alanı Örneği, Kuzeybatı Türkiye
Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni / Geological Bulletin of Turkey
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1331011
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