The Effects of Structural Geomorphology Features on Drainage System in Sinanköy (Lalapaşa-Edirne) and Its Surroundings
Tunahan Aykut, Hüseyin TuroğluThe main aim of this study is to determinate structural geomorphology features and research their effects on the drainage system. Firstly, 1/25.000 scale topographic map and 1/100.000 scale geological map were digitized on the Geographical Information Systems platform and a digital database was created. Structural features were examined; morphometric analyzes, lineament analyze and hydrological analyses were performed. In the field works; verification and correction of the GIS-based analyze results, measurements of structural features, photographing and mapping studies have been carried out. According to GIS-based analyze and measurement results; geological formations general strike is northwest-southeast, prevalent dip direction is southwest and dip angle values varying between 5-30°. Morphometric analyze results and field measurements, clearly defined the monoclinal structure geomorphology. It has been seen that “consequent” and “resequent “streams flow through northeast-southwest, parallel to the monoclinal structures’ natural slope direction, while “obsequent” and “subsequent” streams flow through west-east and northwest-southeast, deviating from the monoclinal structures natural slope direction. The evolutionary process of the drainage system has been affected by monoclinal structures’ geomorphologic, lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics. This influence also has controlled the exhumation of the subjacent structure, made the monoclinal structure landforms more evident. As a result of these processes, the drainage system gained a “trellis (orthogonal)” pattern that is compatible with the structure.
Sinanköy (Lalapaşa-Edirne) ve Çevresinin Yapısal Jeomorfoloji Özelliklerinin Drenaj Sistemi Üzerindeki Etkileri
Tunahan Aykut, Hüseyin TuroğluSinanköy (Lalapaşa-Edirne) ve çevresinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın amacı; çalışma sahasının yapısal jeomorfoloji özelliklerini belirlemek ve bu özelliklerin drenaj sistemi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda, sahanın yapısal özellikleri incelenmiş; morfometrik analizler, çizgisellik analizi, hidrolojik analizler yapılmıştır.Arazi çalışmaları iki yönlü gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, hem CBS teknolojileri ile gerçekleştirilen analizlerin sonuçları ve bulguların arazide kontrol edilmesi ve doğrulama çalışmaları, hem de yapısal jeomorfoloji kapsamında ölçümlerin yapılması, fotoğraf çekimi ve haritalama uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Analizler ve saha çalışmalarına ait ölçüm sonuçlarına göre; jeolojik formasyonların genel olarak kuzeybatı-güneydoğu doğrultulu olduğu, tabakaların genel dalış yönünün güneybatı yönlü olduğu, eğim açılarının ise 5-30° arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları ve saha çalışmalarına ait ölçümler; monoklinal yapı jeomorfolojisini açıkça ortaya koymuştur. Konsekant ve resekant akarsuların, monoklinal yapının doğal eğim doğrultusuna uyarak kuzeydoğu-güneybatı doğrultusunda akış gösterdikleri, sübsekant akarsuların doğal eğim yönünden saparak doğu-batı doğrultusu kazandıkları, obsekant akarsuların ise doğal eğim doğrultusunun tersine doğru kuzeybatı-güneydoğu doğrultusunda aktıkları belirlenmiştir. Drenaj ağının gelişim süreci, monoklinal yapının jeomorfolojik, litolojik ve stratigrafik özelliklerinden etkilenmiş, bu etkilenmeye bağlı flüviyal gelişiminse zamanla monoklinal yapının elemanter yer şekillerini daha belirgin olarak ortaya çıkmasına imkân vermiştir. Bu durum; monoklinal yapı jeomorfolojisini tipik hale getirirken, drenaj sisteminin de yapıya uyumlu“kafesli (ortogonal)” bir drenaj ağı karakteri kazanmasına neden olmuştur.
Litospheres’ structural features, impact drainage systems establishment characteristics. Structurally weaker zones determine river courses and their lineation properties. Strike, dip direction and dip angle features of the geological layers and resistance characteristics of the rocks against erosion and weathering, effects fluvial processes behaviors. Thus, different landscapes with different structural properties evoke to the establishment of different and distinctive drainage systems. The study area is located approximately 20 km northeast of the Edirne city center. From the geological perspective; the study area is located at the border of Thrace Sedimentary Basin and Strandzha Massif. The most important features that controlled and orientated drainage system characteristics were the structural geomorphology features. Hence, the main aim of this research includes the determination of structural geomorphology features, investigation for pieces of evidence for the monoclinal structure and its distinctive drainage system in Sinanköy (Lalapaşa-Edirne) and its surroundings.
To determine the structural geomorphology features of the study area, 1/25.000 scale topographic map and 1/100.000 scale geological map were digitized on the Geographical Information Systems platform and a digital database was created. 5.00-meter resolution digital elevation model was acquired and morphometric analyses were performed. In the field works, using “Brunton Type Geological Compass”, measurements of the strike, dip direction and dip angle features of geological layers were performed. Thickness values of geological layers were measured using a qualified tape measure. All these analyses were compared with the field work impressions and the structural geomorphology characteristics were determined, photographed and mapped. Rose diagrams of the measurements, were used as statistical graphics. “Hydrology” module of Arcgis 10.2 was used to define drainage systems’ general properties. First; flow direction of the study area determined, then with flow accumulation analyze, surface drainage network was produced. GIS-based hydrology analyzes and the topographic maps have been compared and probable mistakes have been eliminated.
Morphometric analyses, hydrologic analyses and field work measurement results showed us that while layers general strike is northwest-southeast, prevalent dip direction is southwest and dip angle values varying between 5-30°. The alternating character of lithological units with different strength was observed clearly in the field works. Morphometric analyze results and field measurements, clearly defined the monoclinal structure geomorphology. It has been seen that “consequent” and “resequent” streams flow through northeast-southwest, parallel to the monoclinal structures’ natural slope direction, while “obsequent” and “subsequent” streams flow through west-east and northwest-southeast, deviating from the monoclinal structures natural slope direction. Tectonic deformation and geological layers thickness, strike, dip direction and dip angle values altogether reflect typical monoclinal structure in the study area. Fluvial processes and drainage behavior have shaped and sculptured the landscape with “cuesta fronts”, “dip slopes”, “consequent depressions”, “subsequent depressions”, “obsequent depressions” and “resequent depressions” as typical monoclinal structure landforms.
In this study; structural geomorphology features and drainage characteristics were investigated in Sinanköy (Lalapaşa-Edirne) and its surroundings. Statistical diagrams of the measurements, representing the evidence for the interaction between structure and the drainage system. Results of the GIS-based analyzes supporting the existence of cuesta relief and its exclusive drainage system. The evolutionary process of the drainage system has been affected by monoclinal structures geomorphologic, lithologic and stratigraphic characteristics. This influence also has controlled the exhumation of the subjacent structure, made the monoclinal structure landforms more evident. As a result of these processes, the drainage system gained a “trellis (orthogonal)” pattern that is compatible with the structure.
