Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2020, 22(4):80-89 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2020.4.80-89

Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Alloying as Methods to Modify Properties of the SSS Surface Layers

Barbara Lisiecka1, Agata Dudek1, Robert Ulewicz2
1 Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
2 Department of Production Engineering and Safety, Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland

Use of the powder metallurgy (PM) in production of various components has been growing in the automotive industry, including production of sintered stainless steels (SSSs). This study aims to improve the functional properties of SSSs by formation of the Cr3C2-NiCr coating by APS method. The next stage involved alloying of the surface of SSSs using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Analysis of microstructures was carried out using microscopy (metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope). Furthermore, the study presents XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) examinations, mechanical properties and surface roughness measurements. The presented modification improved properties of the surface layers examined in the study and enabled a reduction in the wall thickness of the detail, which is important factor in the automotive and transport industry.

Keywords: (SSS) steel, Cr3C2-NiCr coating, APS, GTAW, surface layer alloying

Received: May 1, 2020; Accepted: June 3, 2020; Published: October 1, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Lisiecka, B., Dudek, A., & Ulewicz, R. (2020). Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Alloying as Methods to Modify Properties of the SSS Surface Layers. Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina22(4), 80-89. doi: 10.26552/com.C.2020.4.80-89
Download citation

References

  1. SHOJAATI, M., BEIDOKHTI, B. Characterization of AISI 304/AISI 409 stainless steel joints using different filler materials. Construction and Building Materials[online]. 2017, 147, p. 608-615. ISSN 0950-0618. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.185 Go to original source...
  2. FALKOWSKA A., SEWERYN A., TOMCZYK A. Fatigue life and strength of 316L sintered steel of varying porosity. International Journal of Fatigue[online]. 2018, 111, p. 161-176.ISSN 0142-1123. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2018.02.023 Go to original source...
  3. VICEN, M., BRONCEK, J., NOVY, F. Investigation of tribological properties of carbonx coating deposited on 100Cr6 steel. Production Engineering Archives[online]. 2019, 25(25), p. 52-55. ISSN 2353-5156, eISSN 2353-7779. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.25.10 Go to original source...
  4. SARJAS, H., KULU, P., JUHANI, K., VILJUS, M., MATIKAINEN, V., VUORISTO, P. Wear resistance of HVOF sprayed coatings from mechanically activated thermally synthesized Cr3C2-Ni spray powder. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences[online]. 2016, 65(2), p. 101-106. ISSN 1736-6064, eISSN 1736-7530. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2016.2.10 Go to original source...
  5. KURGAN, N. Effects of sintering atmosphere on microstructure and mechanical property of sintered powder metallurgy 316L stainless steel. Materials and Design [online]. 2013, 52, p. 995-998. ISSN 0261-3069. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.035 Go to original source...
  6. DUDEK, A., LISIECKA, B., ULEWICZ,R. The Influence of alloying method on the microstructure and properties of the PM stainless steel. In: 25th Anniversary International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Metal 2016: proceedings. 2016, p. 1045-1050.
  7. LIPINSKI, T. Corrosion of the 1.4362 duplex stainless steel in a nitric acid environment at 333 K. Acta Physica Polonica A [online]. 2019, 135(2), p. 203-206. ISSN 0587-4246. Available from: https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.135.203 Go to original source...
  8. ULEWICZ, R., MAZUR, M. Economic aspects of robotization of production processes by example of a car semi-trailers manufacturer. Manufacturing Technology[online]. 2019, 19(6), p. 1054-1059. ISSN 1213-2489. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21062/ujep/417.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1054 Go to original source...
  9. GODWIN, G., JULYES JAISINGH, S., SHUNMUGA PRIYAN, M. Tribological and corrosion behavior studies on Cr3C2-NiCr powder coating by HVOF spray method - a review. Journal of Materials Science and Surface Engineering [online]. 2017, 5(2), p.537-543. ISSN 2348-8956. Available from: https://doi.org/10.jmsse/2348-8956/5-2.4
  10. KORKMAS, K. Investigation and characterization of electro spark deposited chromium carbide-based coating on the steel. Surface and Coatings Technology [online]. 2015, 272, p. 1-7. ISSN 0257-8972. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.04.033 Go to original source...
  11. DU, J., FANG, L., LI, Y.-L., WANG, L.-M., LU, H.-Y., RAN, X.-J., ZHANG, X.-Y. Influences of plasma arc remelting on microstructure and service performance of Cr3C2-NiCr/NiCrAl composite coating. Surface and Coatings Technology[online]. 2019, 369, p. 16-30. ISSN 0257-8972. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.04.037 Go to original source...
  12. LISIECKA, B., DUDEK, A. The surface treatment of sintered stainless steel. Terotechnology Materials Research Proceedings [online]. 2017, 5, p. 148-153. ISSN 2474-3941, eISSN 2474-395X. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291814-26 Go to original source...
  13. MATIKAINEN, V., BOLELLI, G., KOIVULUOTO, H., SASSATELLI, P., LUSVARGHI, L., VUORISTO, P. Sliding wear behaviour of HVOF and HVAF sprayed Cr3C2-based coatings. Wear [online]. 2017, 388-389, p. 57-71. ISSN 0043-1648. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.04.001 Go to original source...
  14. JANKA, L., BERGER, L.M., NORPOTH, J., TRACHE, R., THIELE, S., TOMASTIK, CH. MATIKAINEN, V., VUORISTO, P. Improving the high temperature abrasion resistance of thermally sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings by WC addition. Surface and Coatings Technology [online]. 2018, 337, p. 296-305. ISSN 0257-8972. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.01.035 Go to original source...
  15. BRUPBACHER, M.C., ZHANG, D., BUCHTA, W.M., GRAYBEAL, M. L., RHIM, Y.-R., NAGLE, D. C., SPICER, J. A. Synthesis and characterization of binder-free Cr3C2 coatings on nickel-based alloys for molten fluoride salt corrosion resistance. Journal of Nuclear Materials [online]. 2015, 461, p. 215-220. ISSN 0022-3115. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.017 Go to original source...
  16. ROMERO, J., LOUSA, A., MARINEZ, E., ESTEVE, J. Nanometric chromium y chromium carbide multilayers for tribological applications. Surface and Coatings Technology [online]. 2003, 163-164, p. 392-397. ISSN 0257-8972. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00634-5 Go to original source...
  17. SCHWANEKAMP, T., MARGINEAN, G., REUBER, M. Laser beam melting of Cr3C2-NiCr. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials [online]. 2019, 85, p. 105069. ISSN 0263-4368. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105069 Go to original source...
  18. BOBZIN, K., ZHAO, L., OTE, M., KONIGSTEIN, T., STEEGER, M. Impact wear of an HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coating. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials [online]. 2018, 70, p. 191-196. ISSN 0263-4368. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.10.011 Go to original source...
  19. ZHAO, Z., ZHENG, H., WANG, Y., MAO, S., NIU, J., CHEN, Y., SHANG, M. Synthesis of chromium carbide (Cr3C2) nanopowders by the carbonization of the precursor. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials [online]. 2011, 29(5), p. 614-617. ISSN 0263-4368. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2011.04.007 Go to original source...
  20. ROBERTSON, A.L., WHITE, K.W. Microscale fracture mechanisms of a Cr3C2-NiCr HVOF coating. Materials Science and Engineering: A [online]. 2017, 688, p. 62-69. ISSN 0921-5093. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.097 Go to original source...
  21. MYALSKA, H., MOSKAL, G., SZYMANSKI, K. Microstructure and properties of WC-Co coatings, modified by sub-microcrystalline carbides, obtained by different methods of high velocity spray processes. Surface and Coatings Technology [online] 2014, 260, p. 303-309. ISSN 0257-8972. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.07.097 Go to original source...
  22. MATTHEWS, S., BHAGVANDAS, M., BERGER, L.M. Creation of modified Cr3C2-NiCr hard metal coating microstructures through novel processing. Journal of Alloys and Compounds [online]. 2020, 824, p. 153868. ISSN 0925-8388. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153868 Go to original source...
  23. WU, H., KONG, D. Effects of laser power on friction-wear performances of laser thermal sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings at elevated temperatures. Optics and Laser Technology [online]. 2019, 117, p. 227-238. ISSN 0030-3992. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.04.022 Go to original source...
  24. OKE, S.R., IGE, O.O., FALODUN, O.E., OKORO, A. M., MPHAHLELE, M. R., OLUBAMBI, P. A. Powder metallurgy of stainless steels and composites: a review of mechanical alloying and Spark plasma sintering. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology [online]. 2019, 102, p. 3271-3290. ISSN 0268-3768, eISSN 1433-301. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03400-2 Go to original source...
  25. LIU, L., XU, H., XIAO, J., WEI, X., ZHANG, G., ZHANG, CH. Effect of heat treatment on structure and property evolutions of atmospheric plasma sprayed NiCrBSi coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology [online]. 2017, 325, p. 548-554. ISSN 0257-8972. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.07.011 Go to original source...
  26. LISIECKA, B., DUDEK, A. Characterization of the Cr3C2-NiAl coatings on sintered duplex stainless steels. Inzynieria Materialowa Materials Engineering [online]. 2018, 39(3), p. 100-104. ISSN 0208-6247, eISSN 2449-9889. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15199/28.2018.3.2 Go to original source...
  27. MOSKAL, G. Thermal barrier coatings: characteristics of microstructure and properties, generation and directions of development of bond. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 2009, 37(2), p.323-331. ISSN 1734-8412.
  28. PAULRAJ, P., GARG, R. Effect of welding parameters on pitting behaviour of GTAW of DSS and super DSS weldments. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal [online]. 2016, 19(2), p. 1076-1083. ISSN 2215-0986. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.01.013 Go to original source...
  29. MD IDRISS, A.N., MRIDHA, S., BAKER, T.N. Laser and GTAW torch processing of Fe-Cr-B coatings on steel Part I - melt features. Materials Science and Technology [online]. 2014, 30(10), p. 1209-1213. ISSN 0267-0836, eISSN 1743-2847. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000435 Go to original source...
  30. TSENG, K.H., WANG, N.S. Research on bead width and penetration depth of multicomponent flux-aided arc welding of grade 316 L stainless steel. Powder Technology [online]. 2017, 311, p. 514-521. ISSN 0032-5910. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.005 Go to original source...
  31. LISIECKA, B., DUDEK, A. Modification of the surface layer of sintered duplex stainless steels through alloying using the GTAW method. Tribologia. 2018, 2, p.81-88. ISSN 0208-7774. Go to original source...
  32. ZOU, Y., UEJI, R., FUJII, H. Mechanical properties of advanced active-TIG welded duplex stainless steel and ferrite steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A [online]. 2015, 620, p. 140-148. ISSN 0921-5093. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.10.006 Go to original source...
  33. LISIECKA, B., DUDEK, A. Microstructure and friction parameters of the surface layer of sintered stainless steels. Tribologia. 2019, 4, p. 41-51. ISSN 0208-7774. Go to original source...
  34. LISEC, A., LISEC, K., OBRECHT, M. Cost and safety aspects of using electric and hybrid vehicles in local food supply chain. Production Engineering Archives [online]. 2019, 25(25), p. 35-38. ISSN 2353-5156, eISSN 2353-7779. Available from: https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.25.06 Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.