Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de göreli yoksulluktaki değişimleri nominal ve reel açıdan ekonomik büyüme, gelirin yeniden dağılımı ve yoksulluk sınırındaki değişim bileşenleri olmak üzere üç bileşene ayrıştırmaktır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise bu bileşenlerin göreli yoksulluktaki değişimlere olan yüzdesel katkılarını hesaplamaktır. Ayrıştırma analizi, 2011-2021 dönemi Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması’ndan ulaşılan mikro veri setleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıştırma analizi sonuçlarına göre ele alınan tüm dönemlerde göreli yoksulluktaki değişimler üzerinde hem nominal hem de reel açıdan ekonomik büyümenin her zaman azaltıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülürken yoksulluk sınırındaki değişimin her zaman artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Göreli yoksulluktaki değişimler üzerinde gelirin yeniden dağılım bileşeninin nominal açıdan zayıf ve belirsiz bir etkiye sahip olduğu, reel açıdan ise bazı dönemlerde önemli etkilere sahip olabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna ilaveten nominal açıdan göreli yoksulluktaki değişimlerin gelirin yeniden dağılımı bileşeninden ziyade daha çok ekonomik büyüme ve yoksulluk sınırındaki değişim bileşenleri tarafından açıklandığı bulunmuştur. Reel açıdan ise göreli yoksulluktaki değişimlerin bazı dönemlerde üç bileşen tarafından da açıklanabildiği ortaya çıkmış fakat genel olarak ekonomik büyüme ve yoksulluk sınırındaki değişim bileşenlerinin göreli yoksulluktaki değişimlerden sorumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Göreli Yoksulluk Ekonomik Büyüme Gelirin Yeniden Dağılımı Yoksulluk Sınırı Ayrıştırma Analizi
Kaynakça
- Akkoc, U., & Kizilirmak, B. (2021). Household level inflation rates and inflation inequality in Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 12(1), 17-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20409/berj.2021.308
- Anwar, T. (2010). Role of growth and inequality in explaining changes in poverty in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 49(1), 1–17.
- Aristondo, O., D'Ambrosio, C., & Lasso de la Vega, C. (2023). Decomposing the changes in poverty: Poverty line and distributional effects. Bulletin of Economic Research, 00, 1– 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12394
- Basu, S., & Mallick, S. (2008). When does growth trickle down to the poor? the Indian case. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 32(3), 461-477.
- Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (1992). Growth and redistribution components of changes in poverty measures: A decomposition with applications to Brazil and India in the 1980s, Journal of Development Economics, 38(2), 275-295.
- Fan, Z., & Zou, W. (2023). A three-component decomposition of the change in relative poverty: an application to China, Land, 12(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010205
- Fujii, T. (2017). Dynamic poverty decomposition analysis: an application to the Philippines. World Development, 100, 69-84. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.031
- Gürsel, S., & Acar, A. (2015). Yoksul ile zengin arasındaki enflasyon farkı rekor seviyede. Betam Araştırma Notu 15/177.
- Kakwani, N. (2000). On measuring growth and inequality components of poverty with application to Thailand. Journal of Quantitative Economics, 16(1), 67-80.
- Kakwani, N., Prakash, B., & Son, H. (2000). Growth, inequality, and poverty: An introduction. Asian Development Review, 18(2), 1–21.
- Luo, C. (2022). Decomposition analysis of poverty reduction in rural China: 2007–2018, China & World Economy, 30(2), 142-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12413
- Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2023, March 12). Poverty rate. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://data.oecd.org/inequality/poverty-rate.htm
- Ravallion, M. & Chen, S. (2003). Measuring pro-poor growth, Economics Letters, 78, 93– 9.
- Reyes, C. M. & Tabuga, A. D. (2011). A note on economic growth, inequality, and poverty in the Philippines (No.2011-30). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.
- Sahoo, P., Biswas, D., & Guha Thakurata, S. (2023). Is growth pro-poor among the states of India? a poverty decomposition exercise during the 2000s. Social Indicators Research, 165(1), 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-03006-4
- Selim, R., & Yıldız, F. (2013, July 22–24). Pro-poor growth in Turkey. In ECINEQ Conference, Bari, Italy. Shorrocks, A., & Kolenikov, S. (2001). Poverty trends in Russia during the transition, Unpublished manuscript.
- Shorrocks, A.F. (2013). Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: A unified framework based on the Shapley value, Journal of Economic Inequality, 11, 99–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-011-9214-z
- Şeker, S. D., & Jenkins, S. P. (2015). Poverty trends in Turkey, The Journal of Economic Inequality, 13(3), 401-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-015-9300-8
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2023, March 12). Gelir ve yaşam koşulları araştırması, 2021, Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Gelir-ve-Yasam-Kosullari-Arastirmasi-2021 45581#:~:text=E%C5%9Fde%C4%9Fer%20hanehalk%C4%B1%20kullan%C4%B1labili r%20fert%20medyan,%21%2C3%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fti
- World Bank (2023a, March 6). Poverty statistics. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from https://data.worldbank.org/topic/11
- World Bank (2023b, March 6). World development indicators. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG&country=
Öz
The paper aims to decompose the changes in relative poverty in Turkey into three components, in nominal and real terms, economic growth, income redistribution, and change in the poverty line. Another aim of the paper is to calculate the components' percentage contributions to changes in relative poverty. We apply decomposition analysis using micro data set from the Income and Living Conditions Survey 2011-2021. Results of decomposition analysis show that for all periods in terms both nominal and real the economic growth reduces relative poverty, while the poverty line change increases it. In nominal terms, the income redistribution component has a weak and uncertain effect on the changes in relative poverty, while in real terms, it may have substantial effects in some periods. We also find that in terms of nominal, the changes in relative poverty are largely explained by the poverty line change component and economic growth component rather than the income redistribution component. We find that in terms of real, the changes in relative poverty can be explained by all three components in some periods, but in general, the components of economic growth and the change in the poverty line are responsible for the changes in relative poverty.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Relative Poverty Economic Growth Income Redistribution Poverty Line Decomposition Analysis
Kaynakça
- Akkoc, U., & Kizilirmak, B. (2021). Household level inflation rates and inflation inequality in Turkey. Business and Economics Research Journal, 12(1), 17-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20409/berj.2021.308
- Anwar, T. (2010). Role of growth and inequality in explaining changes in poverty in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 49(1), 1–17.
- Aristondo, O., D'Ambrosio, C., & Lasso de la Vega, C. (2023). Decomposing the changes in poverty: Poverty line and distributional effects. Bulletin of Economic Research, 00, 1– 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12394
- Basu, S., & Mallick, S. (2008). When does growth trickle down to the poor? the Indian case. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 32(3), 461-477.
- Datt, G., & Ravallion, M. (1992). Growth and redistribution components of changes in poverty measures: A decomposition with applications to Brazil and India in the 1980s, Journal of Development Economics, 38(2), 275-295.
- Fan, Z., & Zou, W. (2023). A three-component decomposition of the change in relative poverty: an application to China, Land, 12(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010205
- Fujii, T. (2017). Dynamic poverty decomposition analysis: an application to the Philippines. World Development, 100, 69-84. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.031
- Gürsel, S., & Acar, A. (2015). Yoksul ile zengin arasındaki enflasyon farkı rekor seviyede. Betam Araştırma Notu 15/177.
- Kakwani, N. (2000). On measuring growth and inequality components of poverty with application to Thailand. Journal of Quantitative Economics, 16(1), 67-80.
- Kakwani, N., Prakash, B., & Son, H. (2000). Growth, inequality, and poverty: An introduction. Asian Development Review, 18(2), 1–21.
- Luo, C. (2022). Decomposition analysis of poverty reduction in rural China: 2007–2018, China & World Economy, 30(2), 142-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12413
- Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2023, March 12). Poverty rate. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://data.oecd.org/inequality/poverty-rate.htm
- Ravallion, M. & Chen, S. (2003). Measuring pro-poor growth, Economics Letters, 78, 93– 9.
- Reyes, C. M. & Tabuga, A. D. (2011). A note on economic growth, inequality, and poverty in the Philippines (No.2011-30). PIDS Discussion Paper Series.
- Sahoo, P., Biswas, D., & Guha Thakurata, S. (2023). Is growth pro-poor among the states of India? a poverty decomposition exercise during the 2000s. Social Indicators Research, 165(1), 107-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-03006-4
- Selim, R., & Yıldız, F. (2013, July 22–24). Pro-poor growth in Turkey. In ECINEQ Conference, Bari, Italy. Shorrocks, A., & Kolenikov, S. (2001). Poverty trends in Russia during the transition, Unpublished manuscript.
- Shorrocks, A.F. (2013). Decomposition procedures for distributional analysis: A unified framework based on the Shapley value, Journal of Economic Inequality, 11, 99–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-011-9214-z
- Şeker, S. D., & Jenkins, S. P. (2015). Poverty trends in Turkey, The Journal of Economic Inequality, 13(3), 401-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-015-9300-8
- Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2023, March 12). Gelir ve yaşam koşulları araştırması, 2021, Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Gelir-ve-Yasam-Kosullari-Arastirmasi-2021 45581#:~:text=E%C5%9Fde%C4%9Fer%20hanehalk%C4%B1%20kullan%C4%B1labili r%20fert%20medyan,%21%2C3%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fti
- World Bank (2023a, March 6). Poverty statistics. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from https://data.worldbank.org/topic/11
- World Bank (2023b, March 6). World development indicators. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG&country=
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İşletme |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 8 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 |
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