Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on the enzymatic antioxidative defence and plasma antioxidative activity in patients with stable angina. The study comprised 30 patients, aged 37–49 years with stable angina. Patients received carvedilol in escalating doses of 12.5 mg/24 h, 25 mg/24 h, and 50 mg/24 h for 4 weeks each. The control group was matched for age and gender, and consisted of 12 healthy volunteers, aged 39-49 years. Blood samples were collected from the cubital vein before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the therapy from the patients and once from the control group. For all the subjects, the superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities in the erythrocytes and the antioxidant activity of the blood plasma were determined. The enzymatic antioxidative defence was significantly decreased in patients with stable angina in comparison to the healthy subjects. During the carvedilol therapy, an increase in the SOD-1, GSH-Px and CAT activities was observed. Moreover, 8 and 12 weeks after carvedilol therapy, the GSH-Px activity did not differ significantly from that observed in the group of healthy subjects. Carvedilol also increased the plasma antioxidative activity in patients with stable angina, but its level remained significantly lower than in the control group. In conclusion, carvedilol enhances antioxidant defense mechanisms in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.
[1] Gilbert, E.M., Abraham, W.T. and Olsen, S. Comparative hemodynamic, left ventricular functional, and antiadrenergic effects of chronic treatment with metoprolol versus carvedilol in the failing heart. Circulation 94 (1996) 2817–2825. Search in Google Scholar
[2] Banach, M., Goch, A., Misztal, M., Rysz, J., Barylski, M., Jaszewski, R. and Goch, J.H. Low output syndrome following aortic valve replacement. Predictors and prognosis. Arch. Med. Sci. 3 (2007) 117–122. Search in Google Scholar
[3] Ruffolo, R.R. Jr. and Feurwstein, G.Z. Pharmacology of carvedilol: rationale for use in hypertension, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 11 (1997) 247–256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100773572912110.1023/A:1007735729121Search in Google Scholar
[4] Heusch, F., Skyschally, A., Leineweber, K., Haude, M., Erbel, R. and Heusch, G. The interaction of coronary microembolization and ischemic preconditioning: A third window of cardioprotection through TNF-alpha. Arch. Med. Sci. 3 (2007) 83–92. Search in Google Scholar
[5] Hauf-Zachariou, U. A double-blind comparison of the effects of carvedilol and captopril on the lipid profile in patients with mild to moderate hypertension and dyslipidemia. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45 (1993) 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0031548710.1007/BF00315487Search in Google Scholar
[6] Misra, H.P. and Fridovich, I. The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation of epinephrine and simple assay for superoxide dismutase. J. Biol. Chem. 247 (1972) 3170–3175. Search in Google Scholar
[7] Little, C. and O’Brien, P.J. An intracellular GSH-peroxidase with a lipid peroxide substrate. Bioch. Biophys. Res. Comm. 31 (1968) 145–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(68)90721-310.1016/0006-291X(68)90721-3Search in Google Scholar
[8] Beers, R. and Sizer, J.W. Spectrofotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem. 195 (1952) 133–140. Search in Google Scholar
[9] Bartosz, G., Janaszewska, A. and Ertel, D. Spectrophotometric determination of peroxyl radical-trapping capacity with ABAP and ABTS. Curr. Topics. Biophys. 22 (1998) 11–13. Search in Google Scholar
[10] Landmesser, U., Merten, R., Spiekermann, S., Büttner, K., Drexler, H. and Hornig, B. Vascular extracellular superoxide dismutase activity in patients with coronary artery disease: relation to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Circulation 101 (2000) 2264–2270. Search in Google Scholar
[11] Janssen, M., Yandermeer, P. and Dejong, J.W. Antioxidant defences in rat, pig, guinea pig and human hearts — comparison with xanthine oxidoreductase activity. Cardiovasc. Res. 27 (1993) 2052–2057. Search in Google Scholar
[12] Hapyn, E., Czerwonka-Szaflarska, M. and Drewa, G. Enzymatic efficiency of erythrocyte antioxidant barrier and lipid peroxidation in children from families with high risk of early atherosclerosis. Med. Sci. Monit. 6 (2000) 112–116. Search in Google Scholar
[13] Rogowicz, A., Litwinowicz, M., Pilacinski, S., Zozulinska, D. and Wierusz-Wysocka, B. Does early insulin treatment decrease the risk of microangiopathy in non-obese adults with diabetes. Arch. Med. Sci. 3 (2007) 129–135. Search in Google Scholar
[14] Luciak, M., Pawlicki, L., Kędziora, J., Trznadel, K., Błaszczyk, J. and Buczyński, A. Whole blood superoxide anion generation and efficiency of some erythrocyte antioxidant systems during recombinant human erythropoietin therapy of uremic anemia. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 15 (1991) 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(91)90048-810.1016/0891-5849(91)90048-8Search in Google Scholar
[15] Rysz, J., Blaszczak, R., Banach, M., Kedziora-Kornatowska, K., Kornatowski, T., Tanski, W. and Kedziora, J. Evaluation of chosen parameters of antioxidative system in patients with type 2 diabetes in different periods of metabolic compensation. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 55 (2007) in press. 10.1007/s00005-007-0033-7Search in Google Scholar
[16] Kowalski, J., Barylski, M., Banach, M., Grycewicz, J., Irzmanski, R. and Pawlicki, L. Neutrophil superoxide anion generation during atorvastatin and fluvastatin therapy used in coronary heart disease primary prevention. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 48 (2006) 143–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.fjc.0000246150.52382.0710.1097/01.fjc.0000246150.52382.07Search in Google Scholar
[17] Jayakumari, N., Ambikakumari, V. and Balakrishnan, K.G. Antioxidant status in relation to free radical production during stable and unstable anginal syndromes. Atherosclerosis 94 (1992) 183–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(92)90243-A10.1016/0021-9150(92)90243-ASearch in Google Scholar
[18] Cai, H. and Harrison, D.G. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ. Res. 87 (2000) 840–840. Search in Google Scholar
[19] Harrison, D.G. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction. J. Clin. Invest. 100 (1998) 2153–2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI11975110.1172/JCI119751Search in Google Scholar
[20] Santos, D.J and Moreno, A.J. Inhibition of heart mitochondrial lipid peroxidation by non-toxic concentrations of carvediolol and its analog BM-910228. Biochem. Pharmacol. 61 (2001) 155–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00522-010.1016/S0006-2952(00)00522-0Search in Google Scholar
[21] Banach, M., Okonski, P., Kosmider, A., Irzmanski, R., Rysz, J., Olszewski, R., Zwolinski, R. and Zasłonka, J. Aortic valve replacement in patients with heart failure. Pol. Merkur. Lekarski 20 (2006) 642–645. Search in Google Scholar
[22] Feuerstein, G.Z. and Ruffolo, R.R. Carvedilol, a novel vasodilating beta-blocker with the potential for cardiovascular organ protection. Eur. Heart J. 17 (1996) 24–29. Search in Google Scholar
[23] Kowalski, J., Błaszczyk, J., Petecka, E., Irzmański, R., Kowalczyk, E., Kowalska, E., Cegliński, T. and Pawlicki, L. Neutrophils superoxide anion generation during carvedilol therapy in patients with stable angina. Int. J. Cardiol. 102 (2005) 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.04110.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.041Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[24] Tadolini, B. and Franconi, F. Carvedilol inhibition of lipid peroxidation. A new antioxidative mechanism. Free. Radic. Res. 5 (1998) 377–387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1071576980030042110.1080/10715769800300421Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[25] Banach, M., Drozdz, J., Okonski, P. and Rysz, J. Immunological aspects of the statins’ function in patients with heart failure. A raport from the Annual Conference of ESC — Heart Failure 2005. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2 (2005) 433–437. Search in Google Scholar
[26] Irzmanski, R., Piechota, M., Barylski, M., Banach, M., Gławęda, B., Kowalski, J., Cierniewski, C., Kośmider, M. and Pawlicki, L. Dynamics of changes of the BNP concentration in patients with stable angina pectoris qualified for PTCA. Dependence on the selected morphological and haemodynamic parameters. Arch. Med. Sci. 2 (2006) 15–19. Search in Google Scholar
[27] Irzmanski, R., Barylski, M., Banach, M., Piechota, M., Kowalski, J., Cierniewski, C. and Pawlicki, L. The concentration of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with idiopathic arterial hypertension. Med. Sci. Monit. 13 (2007) CR449–456. Search in Google Scholar
© 2007 University of Wrocław, Poland
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
