Diagnostic role of p16/INK4A protein in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) induced cervical dysplasia

[1] Bonez W., Papillomaviruses, In: Richman V., Whitley D., Whitley R., (Eds.), Clinical Virology, 2nd Ed., ASM Press, Washington, 2002, 557–596 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Howley P.A., Lowy D.R., Papillomaviruses, In: Knipe D.M., Howley P.M., (Eds.), Field’s Virology, 5th Ed., Walters Kluver/Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007, 2299–2354 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Fauthquet V., Mayo C.M., Maniloff M.A.J., Desselberger U., Ball L.A., Family Papillomaviridae, Virus Taxonomy, 8th Report of the ICTV, Elsevier-Academic Press, 2005, 239–249 Search in Google Scholar

[4] deVilliers E.M., Fauquet C.L., Brocker T., Bernard H.U., zur Hausen H., Classification of papillomaviruses, Virology, 2004, 324, 17–27 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.03310.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033Search in Google Scholar

[5] Rizk R.Z., Chjristensen N.D., Michael K.M., Miller M., Sehr P., Waterboer T., et al., Reactivity pattern of 92 monoclonal antibodies with 16 human papillomavirus types, J. Gen. Virol., 2008, 89, 117–129 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83145-010.1099/vir.0.83145-0Search in Google Scholar

[6] Dourbar J., The papillomavirus life cycle, J. Clin. Virol., 2005, 32, S7–S15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.00610.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.006Search in Google Scholar

[7] Meyers C., Laimins L.A., In vitro systems for the study and propagation of human papillomaviruses, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 1994, 186, 199–215 10.1007/978-3-642-78487-3_11Search in Google Scholar

[8] Phelps W.C., Yee C.L., Munger K., Howley P.M., The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene encodes transactivation and transformation functions similar to those of adenovirus E1A, Cell, 1988, 53, 539–547 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90570-310.1016/0092-8674(88)90570-3Search in Google Scholar

[9] Jeon S., Lambert P.F., Integration of HPV 16 DNA into the human genome leads to increased stability of E6/E7 mRNAs: implications for cervical carcinogenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 1654–1658 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.5.165410.1073/pnas.92.5.1654Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[10] Cullen A., Reid R., Campion M., Lorincz A.T., Analysis of the physical state of different human papillomavirus DNA in epithelial and invasive cervical neoplasm, J. Virol., 1991, 65, 606–612 10.1128/jvi.65.2.606-612.1991Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[11] Hopman A.H., Smedts F., Dignef W., Ammelen M., Sonke G., Mravunac M., et al., Transition of highgrade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in microinvasive neoplasia to microinvasive carcinoma is characterized by integration of HPV 16/18 and numerical chromosome abnormalities, J. Pathol., 2004, 202, 23–33 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.149010.1002/path.1490Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Dourbar J., Ely S., Sterling J., McLean C., Crawford L., Specific interaction between HPV 16 E1-E4 and cytokeratins results in collapse of the epithelial cell intermediate filament network, Nature, 1991, 352, 824–827 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352824a010.1038/352824a0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Roberts S., Ashmole I., Johnson G.D., Kreider J.W., Gallimore P.H., Cutaneous and mucosal human papillomavirus E4 proteins form intermediate filament likne structures in epithelial cells, Virology, 197, 1993, 176–187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/viro.1993.157810.1006/viro.1993.1578Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] Rogel-Gaillard C., Pehau-Arnaudet G., Breitbund F., Orth G., Cytopathic effect in human papillomavirus type 1-induced inclusion: in vitro analysis of the contribution of two forms of the viral E4 protein, J. Invest. Dermatol., 1993, 101, 843–851 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep1237170510.1111/1523-1747.ep12371705Search in Google Scholar

[15] Flores E.R., Lambert P.F., Evidence for switch in the mode of human papillomavirus DNA replication during the viral life cycle, J. Virol., 1997, 71, 7167–7179 10.1128/jvi.71.10.7167-7179.1997Search in Google Scholar

[16] Meyers C., Laimins L.A., In vitro systems for the study and propagation of human papillomaviruses, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 1994, 186, 199–215 10.1007/978-3-642-78487-3_11Search in Google Scholar

[17] Choo K.-B., Pan C.-C., Han S.-H., Integration of human papillomavirus type 16 into cellular DNA of cervical carcinoma. Preferential deletion of the E2 gene and invariable retention of the long control region and the E6/E7 open reading frames, Virology, 1987, 161, 259–261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(87)90195-410.1016/0042-6822(87)90195-4Search in Google Scholar

[18] Matsukura T., Kol S., Sugase M., Both episomal and integrated forms of human papillomavirus type 16 are involved in invasive cervical cancers, Virology, 1989, 172, 63–72 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(89)90107-410.1016/0042-6822(89)90107-4Search in Google Scholar

[19] White A., Livanos F.M., Tlsty T.D., Differential disruption of genomic integrity and cell cycle regulation in normal human fibroblasts by the HPV oncoproteins, Genes Dev., 1994, 8, 666–677 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.8.6.66610.1101/gad.8.6.666Search in Google Scholar

[20] Kulmala S.M., Syrjanen S.M., Gyllensten U.B., Shabalova I.P., Petrovichev N., Syrjanen K.J., et al., Early integration of high copy HPV 16 detectable in women with normal and low grade cervical cytology, J. Clin. Pathol., 2006, 59, 513–517 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2004.02457010.1136/jcp.2004.024570Search in Google Scholar

[21] Martin P., Vass W., Schiller J.T., The bovine papillomavirus E5 transforming protein can stimulate the transforming activity of EGF and CSF-1 receptors, Cell, 1989, 59, 21–23 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(89)90866-010.1016/0092-8674(89)90866-0Search in Google Scholar

[22] Petti L., DiMayo D., Activation of the platelet derived growth factor receptor by the bovine papillomavirus E5 protein, E.M.B.O. J., 1991, 40, 845–855 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08017.xSearch in Google Scholar

[23] Petti L., DiMayo G., Stable association between the bovine papillomavirus E5 transforming protein and the b receptor for platelet derived growth factor in stably transformed and acutely transfected cells, J. Virol., 1994, 74, 3582–3592 10.1128/jvi.68.6.3582-3592.1994Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[24] Dyson N., Howley P.M., Munger K., Harlow E., The human papillomavirus 16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind the retinoblastoma gene product, Science, 1989, 243, 934–937 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.253753210.1126/science.2537532Search in Google Scholar

[25] Werness B.A., Levine A.J., Howley P.M., Association of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 E6 proteins with p53, Science, 1990, 248, 76–79 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.215728610.1126/science.2157286Search in Google Scholar

[26] Scheffner M., Huibregtse J.M., Vierstra R.D., Yoshihara M., Sumiri K., Kayiyama G., et al., The HPV-16 and E6-AP complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitinations of p53, Cell, 1993, 75, 495–499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90384-310.1016/0092-8674(93)90384-3Search in Google Scholar

[27] Hollingworth R.E., Lee W.H., Tumor suppression genes: new prospects for cancer research, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1991, 83, 91–96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.2.9110.1093/jnci/83.2.91Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] Golijow C.D., Abba M.C., Mouron S.A., Gomez M.A., Doulot F.N., C-myc gene amplification detected in preinvasive intraepithelial lesions, Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2001 11, 492–465 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.2001.01063.x10.1046/j.1525-1438.2001.01063.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[29] Li Y., Nichols M.A., Shay J.W., Xiong Y., Transcriptional repression of the D type cyclin dependent kinase p16 by retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product pRb, Cancer Res., 1994, 54, 6078–6082 Search in Google Scholar

[30] Kalantari M., Karlsen F., Kritensen G., Holm R., Hagmar B., Johansson B., et al., Disruption of the E1 and E2 reading frames of HPV16 in cervical carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis, Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol., 1998, 17, 146–153 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-199804000-0000910.1097/00004347-199804000-00009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Klaes R., Friedrich T., Spitkovski D., Ridder R., Rudy W., Petri K., et al., Over expression of p16/INK4A as a specific marker for dysplastic and neoplastic epithelial cells of the cervix uteri, Int. J. Cancer, 2001, 92, 276–284 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.117410.1002/ijc.1174Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] Murphy N., Ring M., Killalea A.G., Uhlmann V., O’Donovan M., Mulcahy F., Cervical dyskaryosis: CIN and cGIN in cervical biopsies and ThinPrep smears, J. Clin. Pathol., 2003, 56, 56–63 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.56.1.5610.1136/jcp.56.1.56Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[33] Murphy N., Ring M., Heffron C.C., King B., Killalea A.G., Hughes C., et al., p16/INK4a, CDC6 and MCM5: predictive biomarkers in cervical preinvasive neoplasia and cervical cancer, J. Clin. Pathol., 2005, 58, 525–534 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2004.01889510.1136/jcp.2004.018895Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[34] O’Neill C.J., McCluggage W.G., p16 expression in the female genital tract and its value in diagnosis, Adv. Clin. Pathol., 2006, 13, 8–15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pap.0000201828.92719.f310.1097/01.pap.0000201828.92719.f3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[35] Wright T.C., Kurman R.J., Ferenczy A., Precancerous lesions of the cervix, In: Kurman R.J., (Ed.), Blaustein’s Patology of the Female Genital Tract, 5th Ed., Springer, New York/Berlin, 2001, 253–321 Search in Google Scholar

[36] National Cancer Institute (NCI) Workshop, The 1988 Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses, JAMA, 1989, 262, 931–934 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.262.7.93110.1001/jama.262.7.931Search in Google Scholar

[37] Luff R.D., The Bethesda System for reporting cervical vaginal cytologic diagnoses, Report of the 1991 Bethesda Workshop, Hum. Pathol., 1992, 23, 719–721 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(92)90338-410.1016/0046-8177(92)90338-4Search in Google Scholar

[38] Jacobs A., Kristensen P.B., Poulsen H.K., Flow cytometric classification of biopsy specimens from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Cytometry, 1983, 4, 166–169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.99004021010.1002/cyto.990040210Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[39] Wright T.C., Kurman R.J., A critical review of the morphologic classification systems of preinvasive lesions of the cervix: the scientific basis of the paradigm, Papillomavirus Rep., 1994, 5, 175–181 Search in Google Scholar

[40] Dray M., Russel P., Wallman N., Leong A., Carter J., Cheerala B., p16(INK4a) as a complementary marker of high grade intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. I. Experience with squamous lesions in 189 consecutive cervical biopsies, Pathology, 2005, 37, 112–124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031302050005860710.1080/00313020500058607Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[41] Ikeda K., Tate G., Suzuki T., Mitsuya T., Coordinate expression of cytokeratin 8 and cytokeratin 17 immunohistochemical staining in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis and review of the literature, Gynecologic Oncol., 2008, 108, 598–602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.11.04210.1016/j.ygyno.2007.11.042Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[42] Yildiz I.Z., Usubutun A., Firat P., Kucukali T., Efficiency of immunohistological p16 expression and HPV typing in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion grading and review of p16 literature, Pathol. Res. Pract., 2007, 203, 445–449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2007.03.01010.1016/j.prp.2007.03.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[43] Rajčáni J., Adamkov M., Hybenová J., Moraveková E., Lauko L., Benčat M., Detection of regulatory p16/INK4A protein in dysplastic cerical squamous epithelium as a prognostic tool in carcinoma prevention, CS Pathol. Soudn. Lékař., 2009, 4, 101–107, (in Slovak). Search in Google Scholar

[44] Mulvany N.J., Allen D.G., Wilson S.M., Diagnostic utility of p16INK4A: a reappraisal of its use in cervical biopsies, Pathology, 2008, 40, 335–344 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031302080203590710.1080/00313020802035907Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[45] Meisels A,. Fortin R., Condylomatous lesions of the cervix and vagina. I. Cytologic patterns, Acta Cytol., 1976, 20, 505–809 Search in Google Scholar

[46] Meisels A., Fortin R., Roy M., Condylomatous lesions of the cervix II. Cytologic, colposcopic and histopathologic study, Acta Cytol., 1977, 21, 379–390 Search in Google Scholar

[47] Purola E., Savia E., Cytology of gynecologic condyloma acuminatum, Acta Cytol., 1977, 21, 26–31 Search in Google Scholar

[48] Meisels A., Morin C., Casas-Cordero M., Human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix, Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol., 1982, 1, 75–94 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-198201000-0000910.1097/00004347-198201000-00009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[49] Nagai N., Molecular biologic study on the cancerogenesis of HPV uterine cervical cancer and related lesions — analysis of HPV types 18, 18 E6/E7 gene mRNA, Nippon Sanak Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi, 1990, 42, 823–833, (in Japanese) Search in Google Scholar

[50] Koutsky I.A., Holmes K.K., Critchlow C.W., Stevens C.E., Paavonen J., Beckmann A.M., et al., A cohort study of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and 3 in relation to papillomavirus infection, New Engl. J. Med., 1992, 327, 1272–1278 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM19921029327180410.1056/NEJM199210293271804Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[51] Ostor A.G., Natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a critical review, Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol., 1993, 2, 186–192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-199304000-0001810.1097/00004347-199304000-00018Search in Google Scholar

[52] Kadish A.S., Ho G.Y.F., Burk R.D., Wang Y., Romney S.L., Ledwige R., et al., Lymphoproliferative responses to human papillomavirus HPV type 16 proteins E6/E7: outcome of HPV infection and associated neoplasia, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1997, 89, 1285–1291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/89.17.128510.1093/jnci/89.17.1285Search in Google Scholar

[53] Rodriguez A.C., Schiffman M., Herrero R., Wacholder S., Hildesheim A., Castle P.E., et al., Rapid clearance of human papillomavirus and implications for clinical focus on persistent infections, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2008, 100, 513–517 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn04410.1093/jnci/djn044Search in Google Scholar

[54] Varnai A.D., Bollman M., Bankfalvi A., Speich N., Schmitt C., Griefingholt H., et al., Predictive testing of cervical pre-cancer by detecting human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA in cervical cytologies up to high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: diagnostic and prognostic implications, Oncol. Rep., 2008, 19, 457–465 10.3892/or.19.2.457Search in Google Scholar

[55] Kruse A.J., Baak J.P.A., deBruin P.C., Jiwa M., Snijders W.P., Fons G., et al., Ki-67 immunoquantitation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): a sensitive marker for grading, J. Pathol., 2001, 196, 48–54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH719>3.0.CO;2-E10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH719>3.0.CO;2-ESearch in Google Scholar

[56] Kruse A.J., Skaland I., Janssen E.A., Buhr-Wildhagen S., Klos J., Arends M.J., et al., Quantitative molecular parameters to identify low and high risk early CIN lesions: role of markers of proliferative activity and differentiation and Rb availability, Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol., 2004, 23, 100–109 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-200404000-0000310.1097/00004347-200404000-00003Search in Google Scholar

[57] Kruse A.J., Baak J.P.A, Janssen E.A., Bol M.G., Kjellerod K.H., Fianne B., et al., Low and high risk CIN I and II lesions: prospective predictive value of grade, HPV and Ki-67, J. Pathol., 2003, 199, 462–470 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.131610.1002/path.1316Search in Google Scholar

[58] Bean S.M., Eltoum I., Whitlow L., Chien D.C., Immunohistochemical expression of p16 and Ki-67 correlates with degree of anal intraepithelial neoplasia, Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 2007, 31, 555–561 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31802ca3f410.1097/PAS.0b013e31802ca3f4Search in Google Scholar

[59] Waltz A.E., Lachago J., Bose S., p16 and Ki-67 immunostaining is a useful adjunct in the assessment of biopsies for HPV associated anal intraepithelial neoplasia, Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 2006, 30, 795–801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pas.0000208283.14044.a910.1097/01.pas.0000208283.14044.a9Search in Google Scholar

[60] Keating J.T., Cviko A., Rietdorf S., Quade M., Sun D., Duensing S., et al., K-67, cyclin E and p16/INK4 are complementary surrogate biomarkers for human papillomavirus-related cervical neoplasia, Am. J. Surg Pathol., 2001, 25, 884–891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200107000-0000610.1097/00000478-200107000-00006Search in Google Scholar

[61] Solomon D., Thomas P.A., Lenel J.C., Moriarti A., O’Connor D., Prey M., et al., The 2001 Bethesda system terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology, JAMA, 2002, 287, 2114–2119 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.16.211410.1001/jama.287.16.2114Search in Google Scholar

[62] Geisinger K.R., Raab S.S., Stanley M.W., Silverman J.J., Abati A., In: Modern Cytopathology, Churchill-Livingstone, New York, 2004, 83–196 Search in Google Scholar

[63] Dressel D.M., Wilbour D.C., Atypical immature squamous metaplastic cells in cervical smears: association with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma of the cervix, Acta Cytol., 1992, 36, 630–631 Search in Google Scholar

[64] Hatem F., Wilbur D.C., High-grade squamous cervical lesions following negative Papanicoulaou smears: false negative cervical cytology or rapid progression, Diagn. Cytopathol., 1995, 12, 135–141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.284012020910.1002/dc.2840120209Search in Google Scholar

[65] Gupta D.K., Komaromi-Hiller G., Raab S.S., Interobserver and intraobserver variability in the cytologic diagnosis of normal and abnormal metaplastic squamous cells in Pap smears, Acta Cytol., 2001, 45, 697–703 10.1159/000328290Search in Google Scholar

[66] Abati A., Jaffurs W., Wilder A.M., Squamous atypia in the atrophic cervical vaginal smear, Cancer Cytopathol., 1998, 84, 218–225 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980825)84:4<218::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-ISearch in Google Scholar

[67] Wright T.C., Cox J.T., Massad L.S., 2001 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities, JAMA, 2002, 287, 2120–2129 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.16.212010.1001/jama.287.16.2120Search in Google Scholar

[68] Cenda M.T., Demir N., Sezer O., Doganay L., Ortac R., Clinical results of the liquid cytology tool, liquid PREP, in comparison with conventional smears of detection of squamous abnormalities, Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 2009, 10, 399–402 Search in Google Scholar

[69] Nieh S., Chen Su-F., Chu T.-Y., Lai H.-C.H., Fu E., Expression of 16INK4A in Papanicolaou smears containing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance from uterus cervix, Gynec. Oncol., 2003, 91, 201–208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00479-710.1016/S0090-8258(03)00479-7Search in Google Scholar

[70] Guo M., Hu L., Baliga M., He Z., Hughson M.D., The predictive value of p16INK4 and hybrid capture 2 human papillomavirus testing hot high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Am. J. Clin Pathol., 2004, 122, 894–901 http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/0DGGQBDQAMJCJBXB10.1309/0DGGQBDQAMJCJBXBSearch in Google Scholar

[71] Shin E.K., Lee S.R., Kim M.K., Kang E.J., Ju W., Lee Sh.N., et al., Immunocytochemical staining of p16ink4a protein as an adjunct test in equivocal liquid base cytology, Diagn. Cytopathol., 2008, 36, 311–319 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.2078610.1002/dc.20786Search in Google Scholar

[72] Duncan L., Jacob S., Hubbard E., Evaluation of p16INK4a as a diagnostic tool in the triage of Pap smears demonstrating atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Cancer Cytopathol., 2008, 114, 34–48 10.1002/cncr.23255Search in Google Scholar

[73] Rando F.F., Nucleic acid hybridization as a diagnostic tool fot the detection of human papillomaviruses, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1990, 263, 89–109 10.1007/978-1-4613-0601-6_8Search in Google Scholar

[74] Anceschi M.M., Falcinelli C., Pieretti M., Cosmi E.V., Multiple primer pairs polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human papillomavirus types, J. Virol. Meth., 1990, 28, 59–65 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(90)90087-V10.1016/0166-0934(90)90087-VSearch in Google Scholar

[75] van den Brule A.J., Snijders P.J., Gordijn R.L., Becker O.P., Maijer C.J., Walboomers J.M., General primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction permits the detection of sequenced and still unsequenced human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical scrapes and carcinomas, Int. J. Cancer, 1990, 45, 644–649 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.291045041210.1002/ijc.2910450412Search in Google Scholar

[76] deRoda-Husman A.M., Walboomers J. M.M., van den Brule A.J.C., Meijer C.J.L.M., Snijders P.J.F., The use of general primers GP5 and GP6 elongated at their 3′ endswith adjacent highly conserved sequences improves human papillomavirus detection by polymerase chain reaction, J. Gen. Virol., 1995, 76, 1057–1062 http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-76-4-105710.1099/0022-1317-76-4-1057Search in Google Scholar

[77] Jacobs M.V., de Roda Husman A.M., van den Brule A.J.C., Snijders P.J.F., Walboomers J.M.M., Group specific differentiation between high and low risk human papillomavirus genotypes by general primer-mediated PCR and two cocktails of oligonucleotide probes, J. Clin. Microbiol., 1995, 33, 901–905 10.1128/jcm.33.4.901-905.1995Search in Google Scholar

[78] Jacobs M.W., Snijders P.J.F., van den Brule A.J.C., Helmhorst T.J.M., Meijer C.J.L.M, Walboomers J.M.M., A general primer GP5+/GP6+-mediated PCR enzyme immunoassay method for rapid detection of 14 high risk and 6 low risk human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical scrapings, J. Clin. Microbiol., 1997, 35, 791–795 10.1128/jcm.35.3.791-795.1997Search in Google Scholar

[79] Schmidt M., Dondog B., Waterboer T., Pawlita M., Homogenous amplification of general human alpha papillomavirus by PCR using a novel broad-spectrum GP5+ and GP6+ primers, J. Clin. Microbiol., 2008, 46, 1050–1059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02227-0710.1128/JCM.02227-07Search in Google Scholar

[80] Gravitt P.E., Peyton C.L., Alessi T.Q., Wheeler C.M., Coutlee F., Hildesheim A., et al., Improved amplification of genital human papillomaviruses, J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38, 357–361 10.1128/JCM.38.1.357-361.2000Search in Google Scholar

[81] Oevestad I.T., Janssen E.A., Beak J.P., The effect of different DNA isolation methods on the outcome of high risk HPV testing, Indian J. Patol. Microbiol., 2007, 50, 733–739 Search in Google Scholar

[82] Broccolo F., Cocuzza C.E., Automated extraction and quantitation of oncogenic HPV genotypes from cervical samples by a real time PCR-based system, J. Virol. Meth., 2008, 148, 48–57 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.10.00310.1016/j.jviromet.2007.10.003Search in Google Scholar

[83] Reid R., Lorincz A.T., Human papillomavirus tests, Bail. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 1995, 9, 65–103 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3552(05)80359-110.1016/S0950-3552(05)80359-1Search in Google Scholar

[84] Recio F.O., Srivastava S., Wong C., Hempling R.E., Eltabakh G.H., Piver M.S., The clinical value of digene hybrid capture HPV DNA trstiny in a referral-based pc, Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol., 1998, 19, 203–208 Search in Google Scholar

[85] Poljak M., Brencic A., Seme A., Vince A., Marin I.J., Comparative evaluation of first and second generation of digene hybrid capture assays for detection of human papillomaviruses associated with high or intermediate risk for cervical cancer, J. Clin. Microbiol., 1999, 37, 796–797 10.1128/JCM.37.3.796-797.1999Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[86] Sonderlund-Strand A., Rymark P., Anderson P., Dillner J., Dillner L., Comparison between the hybrid capture II test and a PCR-based human papillomavirus detection method for diagnosis and posttreatment follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, J. Clin. Microbiol., 2005, 3, 3260–3266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.7.3260-3266.200510.1128/JCM.43.7.3260-3266.2005Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[87] Saini R., Shen T.H., Othamn N.H., Santhanan J., Tang T.H., Evaluation of polymarease chain reaction (PCR) method and hybrid capture (HC2) assay for the detection of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapings, Med. J. Malaysia, 2007, 62, 206–209 Search in Google Scholar

[88] Gazaz F.B., Molecular testing of human papillomavirus in cervical specimens, Saudi Med. J., 2007, 28, 1810–1818 Search in Google Scholar

[89] Salimovic-Besic I., Evaluation of hybrid capture 2 HPV DNA test and two variants of polymerase chain reaction (PCR-PGMY11/09 and PCR-CPI/CPIIG) according to HPV types, Med. Arh., 2007, 61, 135–137 Search in Google Scholar

[90] Mo L.Z., Monier-Benoit S., Kantelip B., Petitiean A., Riethmuller D., Pretet J.L., et al., Comparision of Amplicor and hybrid capture II assays for high risk HPV detection in normal and abnormal liquid based cytology: use of immuno-LIPA for genotyping assay to screen the discordant results, J. Clin. Virol., 2008, 41, 104–110 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2007.09.01210.1016/j.jcv.2007.09.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[91] Monsenogo J., Bohbot J.M., Pollini G., Krawec C., Vincent C., Merinargues I., et al., Performance of the Roche AMPLICOR human papillomavirus test in prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with abnormal PAP smear, Gynec. Oncol., 2005, 99, 160–168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.05.03010.1016/j.ygyno.2005.05.030Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[92] Hantz S., Caly H., Decroisette E., Dutrop A., Bakeland D., Pascal B., et al., Evaluation of accuracy of three assays for human papillomavirus detection and typing: hybrid capture 2, HPV consensus kit and Amplicor HPV, Pathol. Biol. (Paris), 2008, 56, 29–35 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.09.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[93] Bansai M., Austin R.N., Zhao C., High risk HPV DNA detected in less than 2% of over 25,000 cytology negative imaged liquid based Pap test sample from women 30 and older, Gynecol. Oncol., 2009, 115, 257–261 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.07.01010.1016/j.ygyno.2009.07.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[94] Ronco G., Giorgi-Rossi P., Carozzi F., Confortini M., Dalla Palma P., Deo Mistro A., et al. (44 contributors), Results and recruitment from a randomized controlled trial comparing human papillomavirus testing alone with conventional cytology as the primary cervical cancer screening test, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2008, 100, 492–501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn06510.1093/jnci/djn065Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[95] Kulasingan S.L., Hughes J.P., Kiviat N.B., Mao C., Weiss N.S., Kuypers J.M., et al., Evaluation of human papillomavirus in primary screening for cervical abnormalities. Comparison of sensitivity, specificity and frequency referral, JAMA, 2002, 288, 1749–1757 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.14.174910.1001/jama.288.14.1749Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[96] Mandelblatt J.S., Lawrence W.F., Womack S.M., Jacobson D., Yi B., Hwang Y.T., et al., Benefits and costs of using HPV testing to screen for cervical cancer, JAMA, 2002, 287, 2372–2387 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.18.237210.1001/jama.287.18.2372Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[97] Datta S.D., Koutsky L.A., Ratelle S., Unger E.R., Shlay J., Weather B., et al., Human papillomavirus and cervical cytology in women screened for cervical cancer in the United States, 2003–2005, Ann. Intern. Med., 2008, 148, 557–559 10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[98] Manos M.M., Kinney W.K., Hurley L.B., Sherman M.E., Shieh-Ngai J., Kurman R.J., et al., Identifying women with cervical neoplasia using human papillomavirus DNA testing and equivocal Papanicolaou results, JAMA, 1999, 281, 1605–1610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.17.160510.1001/jama.281.17.1605Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[99] Haidopoulos D., Partsinevelos G.A., Vlachos G.D., Rodolakis A., Markaki S., Voulgaris Z., et al., The p16 INK4A is a strong biomarker for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma: a reappraisal, Reprod Sci., 2009, 16, 685–693 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193371910933425910.1177/1933719109334259Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[100] Tsoumpou I., Arbyn M., Kyrgiou M., Wentzensen N., Koliopoulos G., Martin-Hirsch P., et al., The p16(INK4a) immunostaining in cytological and histological specimens from the uterine cervix: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Cancer Treat. Rev., 2009, 35, 210–220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.10.00510.1016/j.ctrv.2008.10.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central