Advanced Diffusion MR Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis in the Brain and Spinal Cord

Masaaki Hori; Tomoko Maekawa; Kouhei Kamiya; Akifumi Hagiwara; Masami Goto; Mariko Yoshida Takemura; Shohei Fujita; Christina Andica; Koji Kamagata; Julien Cohen-Adad; Shigeki Aoki

doi:10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0091

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Advanced Diffusion MR Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis in the Brain and Spinal Cord

Masaaki Hori, Tomoko Maekawa, Kouhei Kamiya, Akifumi Hagiwara, Masami Goto, Mariko Yoshida Takemura, Shohei Fujita, Christina Andica, Koji Kamagata, Julien Cohen-Adad, Shigeki Aoki

Author information

Masaaki Hori
Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Tomoko Maekawa
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Kouhei Kamiya
Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Akifumi Hagiwara
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Masami Goto
Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University
Mariko Yoshida Takemura
Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center
Shohei Fujita
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Christina Andica
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Koji Kamagata
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
Julien Cohen-Adad
NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique Montreal
Shigeki Aoki
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine

Keywords: diffusional kurtosis imaging, double diffusion encoding, multiple sclerosis, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, oscillating gradient spin-echo

JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS

2022 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 58-70

DOI https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0091

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Abstract

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been established its usefulness in evaluating normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and other lesions that are difficult to evaluate with routine clinical MRI in the evaluation of the brain and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease. With the recent advances in the software and hardware of MRI systems, increasingly complex and sophisticated MRI and analysis methods, such as q-space imaging, diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, white matter tract integrity, and multiple diffusion encoding, referred to as advanced diffusion MRI, have been proposed. These are capable of capturing in vivo microstructural changes in the brain and spinal cord in normal and pathological states in greater detail than DTI.

This paper reviews the current status of recent advanced diffusion MRI for assessing MS in vivo as part of an issue celebrating two decades of magnetic resonance in medical sciences (MRMS), an official journal of the Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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